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      Les grosses bourses aiguës au centre hospitalier de Louga, Sénégal: aspects épidémiologiques, étiologiques et thérapeutiques Translated title: Acute scrotal swellings at Louga Regional Hospital, Senegal: epidemiologic, etiologic and therapeutic aspects

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Les grosses bourses aiguës (GBA) sont des motifs fréquents de consultation en urgence. Cette étude vise à déterminer la fréquence hospitalière des GBA au Centre Hospitalier Régional Amadou Sakhir Mbaye (CHRASM) de Louga au Sénégal, à identifier les formes cliniques et à évaluer les modalités de prise en charge.

          Méthodes

          Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective, descriptive portant sur 114 patients reçus pour GBA au CHRASM de Louga, de mai 2010 à août 2013. Les variables étudiées étaient: la fréquence des GBA parmi les grosses bourses (GB) et les urgences urologiques, l’âge, le délai de consultation, les causes, le traitement, l’évolution post-thérapeutique et la durée d’hospitalisation.

          Résultats

          Au cours de la période d’étude, 356 GB et 420 urgences urologiques ont été enregistrées. Ainsi, les 114 cas de GBA recensés représentaient 32,0 % des GB et 27,1 % des urgences urologiques. La moyenne d’âge était de 42,25 ± 25ans (extrêmes de 5 mois et 89 ans). Le délai moyen de consultation était de 4 jours. Le diagnostic évoqué à l’admission était: une orchi-épididymite aiguë (n=66), une GBA abcédée (n=18), une suspicion de torsion du cordon spermatique (n=14), une GBA traumatique (10 cas), une hernie inguino-scrotale étranglée (06 cas). Le traitement a été exclusivement médical dans 66 cas (57,8 %). L’exploration chirurgicale qui était indiquée chez 48 patients, a été effectuée chez 45 d’entre eux (93,7 %), trois patients (6,2 %) l’ont refusé. Au total, il y a eu 9 cas d’orchidectomies et 36 procédures conservatrices. La durée moyenne d’hospitalisation était de 3± 2 jours. Quatre vingt et un patients (71,0 %) ont été hospitalisés pendant 24 heures au moins; ils étaient répartis en 42 patients chirurgicaux et 39 patients médicaux. Aucun cas de décès n’a été enregistré.

          Conclusion

          Les GBA sont fréquentes dans notre structure, tous les âges sont concernés. Elles sont dominées par les GBA d’origine infectieuse, les torsions du cordon spermatique et les traumatismes des bourses. Le retard à la consultation est souvent la règle, ce qui met en jeu le pronostic fonctionnel du testicule.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction

          Acute scrotal swellings (ASS) are a common reason for emergency consultation. This study aims to determine the frequency of hospitalization for ASS at the Louga Amadou Sakhir Mbaye Regional Hospital, Senegal, to identify its clinical forms and to evaluate the care management.

          Methods

          This is a retrospective descriptive study involving 114 patients hospitalized for ASS at the Louga Amadou Sakhir Mbaye regional hospital, from May 2010 to August 2013. The variables studied were: the frequency of ASS among scrotal swellings and urological emergencies, age, consultation period, causes, treatment, post-treatment evolution and hospitalization length.

          Results

          During the study period, 356 scrotal swellings and 420 urological emergencies were recorded. Thus, 114 cases with ASS accounted for 32.0% of scrotal swellings and 27.1% of urological emergencies. The average age was 42.25 ± 25 years (5 months and 89 years represent the extremes). The median of consultation time was 4 days. The diagnosis at admission was: acute orchiepididymitis (n=66), ASS with abscess formation (n=18), suspicion of torsion of the spermatic cord (n=14), traumatic ASS (10 cases), strangulated inguinoscrotal hernia (06 cases). Treatment was exclusively medical in 66 cases (57.8 %). Surgical exploration, which was indicated in 48 patients, was performed in 45 of them (93.7%), three patients (6.2%) refused it. In total there were 9 cases with orchiectomies and 36 conservative procedures. The average length of stay in hospital was 3 ± 2 days. Eighty-one patients (71.0%) were hospitalized for at least 24 hours. They were divided into two groups: 42 surgical patients and 39 medical patients. No deaths were recorded.

          Conclusion

          ASS are common in our hospital, people of all ages can be affected. They are dominated by ASS of infectious origin, torsion of the spermatic cord and scrotal trauma. Delayed consultation is often the rule, this may affect functional prognosis of the testicle.

          Most cited references16

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          Fournier’s gangrene: our experience with 50 patients and analysis of factors affecting mortality

          Introduction Fournier’s gangrene is a rare, rapidly progressive, necrotizing fasciitis of the external genitalia and perineum. Case series have shown a mortality rate of 20% to 40% with an incidence of as high as 88% in some reports. In this study we aimed to share our experience in the management of Fournier’s gangrene and to identify risk factors that affect mortality. Methods The medical records of 50 patients with Fournier’s gangrene who presented at the University Hospital Hassan II of Fez from January 2003 to December 2009 were reviewed retrospectively to analyze the outcome and identify the risk factors and prognostic indicators of mortality. Results Ten males and five females were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 54 years (range 23–81). The most common predisposing factor was diabetes mellitus (34%). E. coli was the most frequent bacterial organisms cultured. All patients were treated with a common approach of resuscitation, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and wide surgical excision. The mortality rate was 24%. The advanced age, renal failure on admission, extension of infection to the abdominal wall, occurrence of septic shock and need for postoperative mechanical ventilation are the main prognostic factors of mortality. In multivariate analysis, none of these variables is an independent predictor of mortality. Conclusions Fournier’s gangrene is still a very severe disease with high mortality rates. Early recognition of infection associated with invasive and aggressive treatment is essential for attempting to reduce these prognostic indices.
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            Adult testicular torsion.

            Testicular torsion in adulthood is thought to be relatively unusual. We compared a series of men 21 years old or older with testicular torsion with a concurrent series of younger patients with torsion. We reviewed the medical records of patients admitted with testicular torsion in a 9-year period to hospitals affiliated with our institution. Data included patient demographics, history, physical findings, radiographic results if any, operative findings and outcome (testicular salvage versus loss). The charts of 48 patients were evaluated. Excluded from study was a neonate with torsion and 3 males who underwent delayed surgery for presumed missed torsion. Of the remaining 44 patients we compared 17 who were 21 years old or older (range 21 to 34) with 27 younger than 21 (range 8 to 20). The salvage rate differed in the 2 age groups with 70.3% of testes salvaged in the younger group versus only 41% in the older group. A factor affecting salvage in each group was time to presentation. In the older age group patients in whom the testis was lost had a significantly higher mean delay in presentation than those in whom it was salvaged (102 versus 11 hours). A similar pattern was noted in the younger group with a mean time to presentation of 108 and 6.5 hours in those with testicular loss and salvage, respectively. Mean time between presentation and operation was 7.1 hours in the older and 4.8 in the younger group, which was not statistically different. A significant difference was noted in the degree of spermatic cord twisting. The cord was twisted a mean of 585 degrees in the adults versus 431 in the younger group. Testicular torsion in adults was more common in our series than expected. Salvage of the affected testis was better in younger patients, presumably due to less twisting of the cord.
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              US in the assessment of acute scrotum

              Background The acute scrotum is a medical emergency . The acute scrotum is defined as scrotal pain, swelling, and redness of acute onset. Scrotal abnormalities can be divided into three groups , which are extra-testicular lesion, intra-testicular lesion and trauma. This is a retrospective analysis of 164 ultrasound examination performed in patient arriving in the emergency room for scrotal pain. The objective of this article is to familiarize the reader with the US features of the most common and some of the least common scrotal lesions. Methods Between January 2008 and January 2010, 164 patients aged few month and older with scrotal symptoms, who underwent scrotal ultrasonography (US), were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical presentation, outcome, and US results were analyzed. The presentation symptoms including scrotal pain, painless scrotal mass or swelling, and trauma. Results Of 164 patients, 125 (76%) presented with scrotal pain, 31 (19%) had painless scrotal mass or swelling and 8 (5%) had trauma. Of the 125 patients with scrotal pain, 72 had infection,10 had testicular torsion, 8 had testicular trauma, 18 had varicocele, 20 had hydrocele, 5 had cryptorchidism, 5 had scrotal sac and groin metastases, and 2 had unremarkable results. In the 8 patients who had history of scrotal trauma, US detected testicular rupture in 1 patients, scrotal haematomas in 2 patients . Of the 19 patients who presented with painless scrotal mass or swelling, 1 6 had extra-testicular lesions and 3 had intra-testicular lesions. All the extra-testicular lesions were benign. Of the 3 intra-testicular lesions, one was due to tuberculosis epididymo-orchitis, one was non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and one was metastasis from liposarcoma Conclusions US provides excellent anatomic detail; when color Doppler and Power Doppler imaging are added, testicular perfusion can be assessed
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                12 July 2016
                2016
                : 24
                : 214
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Service d’Urologie, CHR Amadou Sakhir Mbaye de Louga, Sénégal
                [2 ]Service de Chirurgie, CHR Amadou Sakhir MBaye de Louga, Sénégal
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Ibrahima Diabaté, Service d’Urologie, CHR Amadou Sakhir Mbaye de Louga, Sénégal
                Article
                PAMJ-24-214
                10.11604/pamj.2016.24.214.9876
                5075445
                27800069
                b49a486a-21b2-413f-beac-9a264011664c
                © Ibrahima Diabaté et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 21 May 2016
                : 07 June 2016
                Categories
                Research

                Medicine
                grosse bourse aiguë,orchi-épididymite aiguë,torsion du cordon spermatique,traumatisme des bourses,hernie inguinale étranglée,gangrène de fournier,traitement,sénégal,acute scrotal swelling,acute orchiepididymitis,torsion of the spermatic cord,scrotal trauma,strangulated inguinal hernia,fournier's gangrene,treatment,senegal

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