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      Bacterias y hongos entomopatógenos en el manejo de Brevicoryne brassicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) en los cultivos de la col Translated title: Entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi in the management of Brevicoryne brassicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) in cabbage crops

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          Abstract

          Resumen El uso de hongos y bacterias con capacidad patogénica hacia los insectos se considera una alternativa agroecológica sostenible de lucha eficiente contra las plagas por ser microorganismos de fácil producción en escala industrial, formulación y uso; entonces, el objetivo ha sido evaluar cuatro formulados entomopatógenos en el control de Brevicoryne brassicae L, plaga clave de la col (Brassica oleracea L.), en diseño de bloques completos al azar de 4 tratamientos, sumado un testigo absoluto y 4 réplicas, siendo las variables evaluadas la cantidad de pulgones muertos y vivos por planta y cantidad de plantas infestadas. Los formulados comerciales Biosafe, BesT-K, Metarrizo y Yurak que contenían cepas de Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (Btk), Metarhizium anisopliae y Bauveria bassiana, respectivamente, son los que fueron utilizados mediante la aplicación por aspersión al cultivo en dos épocas de siembra, temporada agosto-diciembre 2019 y agosto-diciembre 2021. Entre los resultados se registró al M. anisopliae con hasta 91,11 % de eficiencia, seguida por B. bassiana con 89,50 % y Bs con 79,38 % en la reducción de las poblaciones en condiciones de campo; en laboratorio el Btk y M. anisopliae alcanzaron el 100 % de mortalidad en un lapso de siete días, por lo que se concluye que a mediano plazo los hongos entomopatógenos en campo resultan ser más eficientes en el control del pulgón, sin embargo, en condiciones controladas el Btk también es eficiente.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The use of fungi and bacteria with pathogenic capacity towards insects is considered a sustainable agroecological alternative for efficient pest control, as they are microorganisms of easy production in industrial scale, formulation and use. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate four entomopathogenic formulations in the control of Brevicoryne brassicae L., a key pest of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), in a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments, plus an absolute control and 4 replicates. The variables evaluated were the number of dead and live aphids per plant and the number of infested plants. The commercial formulations Biosafe, BesT-K, Metarrizo and Yurak containing strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (Btk), Metarhizium anisopliae and Bauveria bassiana respectively, are the ones that were used by spray application to the crop in two seasons: planting, season August-December 2019 and August-December 2021. Among the results, M. anisopliae was recorded with up to 91.11 % efficiency, followed by B. bassiana with 89.50 % and Bs with 79.38 % in the reduction of populations under field conditions. In the laboratory, Btk and M. anisopliae reached 100 % mortality in a period of seven days, so it is concluded that in the medium term, entomopathogenic fungi in the field are more efficient in aphid control; however, in controlled conditions Btk is also efficient.

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          A Method of Computing the Effectiveness of an Insecticide

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            Exposure to pesticides and the associated human health effects.

            Pesticides are used widely to control weeds and insect infestation in agricultural fields and various pests and disease carriers (e.g., mosquitoes, ticks, rats, and mice) in houses, offices, malls, and streets. As the modes of action for pesticides are not species-specific, concerns have been raised about environmental risks associated with their exposure through various routes (e.g., residues in food and drinking water). Although such hazards range from short-term (e.g., skin and eye irritation, headaches, dizziness, and nausea) to chronic impacts (e.g., cancer, asthma, and diabetes), their risks are difficult to elucidate due to the involvement of various factors (e.g., period and level of exposure, type of pesticide (regarding toxicity and persistence), and the environmental characteristics of the affected areas). There are no groups in the human population that are completely unexposed to pesticides while most diseases are multi-causal to add considerable complexity to public health assessments. Hence, development of eco-friendly pesticide alternatives (e.g., EcoSMART) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques is desirable to reduce the impacts of pesticides. This paper was hence organized to present a comprehensive review on pesticides with respect to their types, environmental distribution, routes of exposure, and health impacts.
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              Tests with Acaricides against the Brown Wheat Mite12

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                siembra
                Siembra
                Siembra
                Universidad Central del Ecuador (Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador )
                2477-8850
                June 2024
                : 11
                : 1
                : e4994
                Affiliations
                [4] Paucartambo orgnameUniversidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión orgdiv1Escuela de Ingeniería Agronómica Peru mcamposa@ 123456undac.edu.pe
                [2] Huánuco orgnameCentro de Investigación Olerícola Frutícola - CIFO Perú acornejo@ 123456unheval.edu.pe
                [3] Huánuco Huánuco orgnameUniversidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Peru mivinaty95@ 123456gmail.com.pe
                [1] Huánuco orgnameUniversidad Hermilio Valdizán orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Perú avalverde@ 123456unheval.edu.pe
                Article
                S2477-88502024000100003 S2477-8850(24)01100100003
                10.29166/siembra.v11i1.4994
                b4900216-fe71-421d-8479-12d2bbb5413b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 January 2024
                : 21 July 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 52, Pages: 0
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                pulgón,mortalidad,eficacia,entomopatógenos,biopesticides,aphids,mortality,efficacy,entomopathogens,bioplaguicidas

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