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      Clinical and care profiles of children and adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease in the Brazilian Northeast region Translated title: Perfil clínico e assistencial de crianças e adolescentes com doença falciforme no Nordeste Brasileiro

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objectives: to describe the clinical epidemiological and care profiles of pediatric patients with sickle cell disease. Methods: a descriptive study of all (48) children and adolescents with sickle cell disease, assisted at a public referral hospital in Paraíba State. The information were obtained from the patients’ medical records and interviews were analyzed by using the Epi-Info program 7.2 version, frequency tables were built for the categorical variables and the central measurements and dispersion tendencies were calculated for the variables related to age and hospitalizations. Results: the patients’ age ranged from 15 months to 19 years old (median 8.6 years old); 91.7% considered their skin color mixed/black; 81.3% belong to D and E social class; 48% of the responsible guardians reported to have less than nine years of schooling; 70.9% lived in other cities; 93.8% received late diagnosis and 87.5% had irregular outpatient follow-up, 62,5% had an incomplete or outdated vaccination record. There were 226 hospitalizations; painful crises were the most common causes (55.7%). Each patient was hospitalized, about 5.2 times in the period; the median of total days for being hospitalized was 28. There were no deaths. Cardiac (56.2%) and hepatobiliary (54.3%) were the most common chronic compli-cations. Conclusions: sickle cell disease is a neglected clinical condition in the Brazilian Northeast region, where the appropriate political support for the patients is not fulfilled.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Objetivos: descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e assistencial dos pacientes pediátricos com doença falciforme. Métodos: estudo descritivo da totalidade (48) de crianças e adolescentes portadores de doença falciforme, atendidos em hospital de referência da rede pública da Paraíba. As informações obtidas em prontuários e entrevistas foram analisadas no programa Epi-Info versão 2, foram construídas tabelas de frequência para as variáveis categóricas, e calculadas medidas de tendência central e de dispersão para variáveis referentes a idade e internações. Resultados: a idade variou de 15 meses a 19 anos(mediana 8,6 anos); pardos e negros (91,7%); 81,3% da classe social D-E; 48% dos responsáveis referiram menos de nove anos de estudo; 70,9% residiam fora da cidade de referência. Diagnóstico tardio em 93,8%; 87,5% com seguimento ambulatorial irregular e 62,5% com calendário vacinal incompleto/desatualizado. Ocorreram 226 internações; crises álgicas foram as causas mais comum (55,7%). Cada paciente foi internado, em média, 5,2 vezes no período; a mediana do total de dias de internações foi 28. Não houve óbitos. Complicações crônicas mais frequentes: cardíacas (56,2%) e hepatobiliares (54,3%). Conclusões: a doença falciforme é uma condição clínica negligenciada no Nordeste Brasileiro, onde não há adequado cumprimento da política de atenção destinada aos pacientes.

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          Neonatal, postneonatal, childhood, and under-5 mortality for 187 countries, 1970-2010: a systematic analysis of progress towards Millennium Development Goal 4.

          Previous assessments have highlighted that less than a quarter of countries are on track to achieve Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4), which calls for a two-thirds reduction in mortality in children younger than 5 years between 1990 and 2015. In view of policy initiatives and investments made since 2000, it is important to see if there is acceleration towards the MDG 4 target. We assessed levels and trends in child mortality for 187 countries from 1970 to 2010. We compiled a database of 16 174 measurements of mortality in children younger than 5 years for 187 countries from 1970 to 2009, by use of data from all available sources, including vital registration systems, summary birth histories in censuses and surveys, and complete birth histories. We used Gaussian process regression to generate estimates of the probability of death between birth and age 5 years. This is the first study that uses Gaussian process regression to estimate child mortality, and this technique has better out-of-sample predictive validity than do previous methods and captures uncertainty caused by sampling and non-sampling error across data types. Neonatal, postneonatal, and childhood mortality was estimated from mortality in children younger than 5 years by use of the 1760 measurements from vital registration systems and complete birth histories that contained specific information about neonatal and postneonatal mortality. Worldwide mortality in children younger than 5 years has dropped from 11.9 million deaths in 1990 to 7.7 million deaths in 2010, consisting of 3.1 million neonatal deaths, 2.3 million postneonatal deaths, and 2.3 million childhood deaths (deaths in children aged 1-4 years). 33.0% of deaths in children younger than 5 years occur in south Asia and 49.6% occur in sub-Saharan Africa, with less than 1% of deaths occurring in high-income countries. Across 21 regions of the world, rates of neonatal, postneonatal, and childhood mortality are declining. The global decline from 1990 to 2010 is 2.1% per year for neonatal mortality, 2.3% for postneonatal mortality, and 2.2% for childhood mortality. In 13 regions of the world, including all regions in sub-Saharan Africa, there is evidence of accelerating declines from 2000 to 2010 compared with 1990 to 2000. Within sub-Saharan Africa, rates of decline have increased by more than 1% in Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Swaziland, and The Gambia. Robust measurement of mortality in children younger than 5 years shows that accelerating declines are occurring in several low-income countries. These positive developments deserve attention and might need enhanced policy attention and resources. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            The natural history of sickle cell disease.

            The term sickle cell disease embraces a group of genetic conditions in which pathology results from the inheritance of the sickle cell gene either homozygously or as a double heterozygote with another interacting gene. The spectrum of resulting conditions is therefore influenced by the geography of individual hemoglobin genes, but in most populations, the commonest genotype at birth is homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease. Because this genotype generally manifests a greater mortality, the relative proportion of sickle cell genotypes is influenced by age as well as the geographical distribution of individual genes.
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              Aspectos epidemiológicos e sociais da doença falciforme

              A doença falciforme (DF) é uma doença genética frequente. Predomina entre negros e pardos e, no Brasil, a cada ano, nascem 3.500 crianças com DF e 200.000 com traço falciforme. As hemácias com hemoglobina S assumem, em condições de hipóxia, forma semelhante à foice, podendo levar à oclusão dos capilares, provocando lesões teciduais agudas e crônicas de órgãos, quase sempre acompanhadas de dor. Através de visitas domiciliares objetivou-se ampliar o conhecimento dos aspectos epidemiológicos e de enfrentamento da doença. Foram estudados 47 pacientes falcêmicos da cidade de Uberaba (MG), com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, sendo 78,7% negros, 17% pardos e 4,3% brancos, preponderando o gênero feminino (59,6%). Quanto ao tipo de hemoglobinopatia, 63,8% eram SS, 17% SC e 10,6% β-talassemia. A maioria (74,5%) residia em bairros periféricos; 42,5% tinham o segundo grau completo; 38,2% eram aposentados ou não tinham profissão definida. A renda per capita de 48,9% era de até um salário mínimo e 19,1% não percebiam qualquer rendimento. Quanto aos sentimentos relacionados à doença, 38,3% referiram aceitação, 21,3% revolta, 17% tristeza; 46,8% relatavam, após o diagnóstico, mudança para pior em relação ao trabalho e 31,9% em relação ao lazer. Verificou-se neste estudo que a DF reflete negativamente nas atividades laborais e na qualidade de vida do paciente. Contudo, as dificuldades no enfrentamento da doença, habitação precária, desemprego e/ou trabalho mal remunerado poderiam ser minimizadas com acompanhamento social e psicoterápico adequados, que deveriam ser disponibilizados a todo doente falciforme.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbsmi
                Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil
                Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant.
                Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (Recife, PR, Brazil )
                1519-3829
                1806-9304
                December 2019
                : 19
                : 4
                : 881-888
                Affiliations
                [3] Campina Grande Paraíba orgnameUniversidade Federal de Campina Grande Brazil
                [1] Campina Grande PB orgnameCentro Universitário orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Campina Grande Brasil taciana.r.o@ 123456hotmail.com
                [2] Recife PE orgnameInstituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação Brasil
                Article
                S1519-38292019000400881 S1519-3829(19)01900400881
                10.1590/1806-93042019000400008
                b42da946-0e05-4ad2-a849-d662b2ed1813

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 October 2018
                : 01 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Articles

                Doença falciforme,Triagem neonatal,Saúde do adolescente,Saúde da criança,Epidemiologia,Complicações,Sickle cell disease,Complications,Epidemiology,Child health,Adolescent health,Neonatal screening

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