Salpichroa sanmiguelina (Solanaceae) una nueva especie del Norte del Perú

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Abstract

Se describe e ilustra en detalle Salpichroa sanmiguelina (Solanaceae), una nueva especie del Norte del Perú. Salpichroa sanmiguelina S. Leiva, habita entre km 5-6 entre San Miguel-El Empalme (a un km arriba del río), prov. San Miguel, región Cajamarca, Perú, entre los 06º 58’11,4"-5º 58’25,0" S y 78º50’21,6"-78º50’06,0" W, y entre 2777-2842 m de elevación; se caracteriza por presentar cáliz y corola glabros externamente, tubo corolino glabro por dentro, estambres y gineceo criptostémonos, filamentos estaminales ligeramente ensanchados hacia el ápice y curvados, ovario con disco nectarífero rojo intenso, baya globosa y negra a la madurez con 9-14 semillas, arbustos (3) 6-8 m de alto. Adicionalmente a la descripción, se presenta la ilustración correspondiente, se discuten su semejanza con otra especie, se incluyen datos sobre distribución geográfica y ecología, fenología, estado actual y usos de la especie.

Translated abstract

We describe and illustrate in detail Salpichroa sanmiguelina (Solanaceae), a new species from Northern Peru. Salpichroa sanmiguelina S. Leiva inhabits between San Miguel-El Empalme km 5-6 (1 km above the river), province of San Miguel, region of Cajamarca, Peru, between 06º58’11.4"-5º58’25.0" S and 78º50’21.6"-78º50’06.0" W, and between 2777-2842 m of altitude. It is characterized by having glabrous calyx and corolla externally, corolla tube glabrous inside, stamens and gynoecium hidden, staminal filaments slightly broadened toward the apex and curved, ovary with nectariferous disc intense red, berry globose and black when mature, with 9-14 seeds, shrubs (3) 6-8 m tall. In addition to the description, we present the corresponding illustration, discuss its similarity with other species, include data of geographic distribution, ecology, phenology, current status and uses of the species.

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Is Open Access

A phylogenetic framework for evolutionary study of the nightshades (Solanaceae): a dated 1000-tip tree

Tiina Särkinen, Lynn Bohs, Richard G Olmstead … (2013)

Background The Solanaceae is a plant family of great economic importance. Despite a wealth of phylogenetic work on individual clades and a deep knowledge of particular cultivated species such as tomato and potato, a robust evolutionary framework with a dated molecular phylogeny for the family is still lacking. Here we investigate molecular divergence times for Solanaceae using a densely-sampled species-level phylogeny. We also review the fossil record of the family to derive robust calibration points, and estimate a chronogram using an uncorrelated relaxed molecular clock. Results Our densely-sampled phylogeny shows strong support for all previously identified clades of Solanaceae and strongly supported relationships between the major clades, particularly within Solanum. The Tomato clade is shown to be sister to section Petota, and the Regmandra clade is the first branching member of the Potato clade. The minimum age estimates for major splits within the family provided here correspond well with results from previous studies, indicating splits between tomato & potato around 8 Million years ago (Ma) with a 95% highest posterior density (HPD) 7–10 Ma, Solanum & Capsicum c. 19 Ma (95% HPD 17–21), and Solanum & Nicotiana c. 24 Ma (95% HPD 23–26). Conclusions Our large time-calibrated phylogeny provides a significant step towards completing a fully sampled species-level phylogeny for Solanaceae, and provides age estimates for the whole family. The chronogram now includes 40% of known species and all but two monotypic genera, and is one of the best sampled angiosperm family phylogenies both in terms of taxon sampling and resolution published thus far. The increased resolution in the chronogram combined with the large increase in species sampling will provide much needed data for the examination of many biological questions using Solanaceae as a model system.