Role of Personalized Nutrition in Chronic-Degenerative Diseases

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Abstract

Human nutrition is a branch of medicine based on foods biochemical interactions with the human body. The phenotypic transition from health to disease status can be attributed to changes in genes and/or protein expression. For this reason, a new discipline has been developed called “-omic science”. In this review, we analyzed the role of “-omics sciences” (nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, proteomics and metabolomics) in the health status and as possible therapeutic tool in chronic degenerative diseases. In particular, we focused on the role of nutrigenetics and the relationship between eating habits, changes in the DNA sequence and the onset of nutrition-related diseases. Moreover, we examined nutrigenomics and the effect of nutrients on gene expression. We perused the role of proteomics and metabolomics in personalized nutrition. In this scenario, we analyzed also how dysbiosis of gut microbiota can influence the onset and progression of chronic degenerative diseases. Moreover, nutrients influencing and regulating gene activity, both directly and indirectly, paves the way for personalized nutrition that plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of chronic degenerative diseases.

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The Role of Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis

Piotr Wojdasiewicz, Łukasz Poniatowski, Dariusz Szukiewicz (2014)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic disease of human joints. The basis of pathologic changes involves all the tissues forming the joint; already, at an early stage, it has the nature of inflammation with varying degrees of severity. An analysis of the complex relationships indicates that the processes taking place inside the joint are not merely a set that (seemingly) only includes catabolic effects. Apart from them, anti-inflammatory anabolic processes also occur continually. These phenomena are driven by various mediators, of which the key role is attributed to the interactions within the cytokine network. The most important group controlling the disease seems to be inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 β , TNF α , IL-6, IL-15, IL-17, and IL-18. The second group with antagonistic effect is formed by cytokines known as anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. The role of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of OA with respect to inter- and intracellular signaling pathways is still under investigation. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge. The cytokine network in OA is put in the context of cells involved in this degenerative joint disease. The possibilities for further implementation of new therapeutic strategies in OA are also pointed.

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Genetics of gene expression and its effect on disease.

Valur Emilsson, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Bin Zhang … (2008)

Common human diseases result from the interplay of many genes and environmental factors. Therefore, a more integrative biology approach is needed to unravel the complexity and causes of such diseases. To elucidate the complexity of common human diseases such as obesity, we have analysed the expression of 23,720 transcripts in large population-based blood and adipose tissue cohorts comprehensively assessed for various phenotypes, including traits related to clinical obesity. In contrast to the blood expression profiles, we observed a marked correlation between gene expression in adipose tissue and obesity-related traits. Genome-wide linkage and association mapping revealed a highly significant genetic component to gene expression traits, including a strong genetic effect of proximal (cis) signals, with 50% of the cis signals overlapping between the two tissues profiled. Here we demonstrate an extensive transcriptional network constructed from the human adipose data that exhibits significant overlap with similar network modules constructed from mouse adipose data. A core network module in humans and mice was identified that is enriched for genes involved in the inflammatory and immune response and has been found to be causally associated to obesity-related traits.

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Natural Antioxidants in Foods and Medicinal Plants: Extraction, Assessment and Resources

Dong-Ping Xu, Ya Ying Li, Xiao-xiao Meng … (2017)

Natural antioxidants are widely distributed in food and medicinal plants. These natural antioxidants, especially polyphenols and carotenoids, exhibit a wide range of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-atherosclerosis and anticancer. The effective extraction and proper assessment of antioxidants from food and medicinal plants are crucial to explore the potential antioxidant sources and promote the application in functional foods, pharmaceuticals and food additives. The present paper provides comprehensive information on the green extraction technologies of natural antioxidants, assessment of antioxidant activity at chemical and cellular based levels and their main resources from food and medicinal plants.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nutrients

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nutrients

Journal ID (publisher-id): nutrients

Title: Nutrients

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2072-6643

Publication date (Electronic): 24 July 2019

Publication date Collection: August 2019

Volume: 11

Issue: 8

Electronic Location Identifier: 1707

Affiliations

[1 ]Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy

[2 ]School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy

[3 ]PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy

[4 ]UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy

[5 ]Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy

[6 ]Division of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy

[7 ]Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

[8 ]Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Organizational Support Unit of Germaneto, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Campus “Salvatore Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: paola.gualtieri@ 123456uniroma2.it ; Tel.: +39-06-7259-6856; Fax: +39-06-7259-6853

Author information

Laura Di Renzo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8875-6723

Paola Gualtieri https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-4276

Lorenzo Romano https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7574-2592

Giulia Marrone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-2086

Annalisa Noce https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1310-3730

Antonino De Lorenzo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6524-4493

Article

Publisher ID: nutrients-11-01707

DOI: 10.3390/nu11081707

PMC ID: 6723746

PubMed ID: 31344895

SO-VID: b3b25d30-7c5f-4203-9d9c-de0406c90cd6

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

History

Date received : 30 May 2019

Date accepted : 20 July 2019

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Role of Personalized Nutrition in Chronic-Degenerative Diseases

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Karger: Nutrition and Dietetics

Most cited references 116

The Role of Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis

Genetics of gene expression and its effect on disease.

Natural Antioxidants in Foods and Medicinal Plants: Extraction, Assessment and Resources

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Cited by 63

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