68
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    1
    shares

      Authors - did you know Parasite has been awarded the DOAJ Seal for “best practice in open access publishing”?

      • 3.020 2021 Impact Factor
      • Rapid publication and moderate publication fee
      • Creative Commons license
      • Long articles welcome – no page limits

      Instructions for authors, online submissions and free e-mail alerts all available at parasite-journal.org

      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Does the in vitro egg hatch test predict the failure of benzimidazole treatment in Haemonchus contortus? Translated title: Le test d’éclosion des œufs in vitro prédit-il l’échec du traitement au benzimidazole pour Haemonchus contortus ?

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Considerable research has been directed towards optimising in vitro tests that can diagnose resistance in pre-parasitic stages of parasites. The objective of this study was to compare the in vivo faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), the in vitro egg hatch test (EHT), and the molecular determination of the frequency of a codon 200 allele of β-tubulin isotype 1 associated with benzimidazole resistance in larval stages of Haemonchus contortus obtained from infected goats. Animals were infected with composite infective doses representing 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80% resistant alleles. Faecal samples for the EHT were collected on 28, 33, and 35 days post-infection. The results of the in vivo FECRT indicated that albendazole treatment reduced infections consisting of composite doses of 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80% larvae of the resistant isolate by 91.3, 78.0, 63.3, 48.4, 36.5, and 41.4%, respectively. The drug concentration at which 50% of the eggs were prevented from developing hatching larvae (ED 50) in the in vitro EHT varied from 0.09 ± 0.01 to 15.63 ± 12.10 μg/mL thiabendazole. The results of the in vitro EHT indicated that the test could estimate in vivo resistance well. The EHT could thus accurately estimate the in vivo efficacy of the drug and percentage of the resistance allele in the population using hatching parameters in delineation doses. This finding was also supported by comparing the FECRT data to the hatching percentages in the EHT on 30 goat farms in Slovakia with natural mixed infections of gastrointestinal parasites.

          Translated abstract

          Des efforts de recherche considérables ont été consacrés à l’optimisation des tests in vitro permettant de diagnostiquer la résistance des parasites aux stades préparasitaires. L’objectif de cette étude était de comparer le test de réduction du nombre d’œufs fécaux in vivo (TRNOF), le test d’éclosion des œufs in vitro (TEO) et la détermination moléculaire de la fréquence d’un allèle du codon 200 de l’isotype 1 de la β-tubuline associé à résistance au benzimidazole au stade larvaire d’ Haemonchus contortus, obtenus à partir de chèvres infectées. Les animaux ont été infectés avec des doses infectieuses composites représentant 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 et 80 % d’allèles résistants. Des échantillons de matières fécales ont été prélevés pour le TEO aux jours 28, 33 et 35 après l’infection. Les résultats de la TRNOF in vivo ont indiqué que le traitement à l’albendazole réduisait respectivement de 91,3, 78,0, 63,3, 48,4, 36,5 et 41,4 % les infections composées de doses composites de 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 et 80 % de larves de l’isolat résistant. La concentration de médicament à laquelle 50 % des œufs ont été empêchés de développer des larves qui éclosent (DE50) dans le TEO in vitro variait de 0,09 ± 0,01 à 15,63 ± 12,10 μg/mL de thiabendazole. Les résultats du TEO in vitro ont indiqué que le test pouvait correctement estimer la résistance in vivo. Le TEO a ainsi pu estimer avec précision l’efficacité in vivo du médicament et le pourcentage de l’allèle de résistance dans la population en utilisant des paramètres d’éclosion dans les doses de délimitation. Cette constatation a également été étayée par la comparaison des données du TRNOF aux pourcentages d’éclosion dans le TEO sur 30 élevages de chèvres en Slovaquie, avec des infections mixtes naturelles de parasites gastro-intestinaux.

          Related collections

          Most cited references36

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Drug resistance in veterinary helminths.

          At present, there is no effective alternative to chemical control of parasitic helminths where livestock are grazed intensively. Resistance to anthelmintics has become a major problem in veterinary medicine, and threatens both agricultural income and animal welfare. The molecular and biochemical basis of this resistance is not well understood. The lack of reliable biological and molecular tests means that we are not able to follow the emergence and spread of resistance alleles and clinical resistance as well as we need. This review summarizes some of the recent findings on resistance mechanisms, puts forward some recommendations for limiting its impact and suggests some priorities for research in this area.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance.

            Methods have been described to assist in the detection of anthelmintic resistance in strongylid nematodes of ruminants, horses and pigs. Two tests are recommended, an in vivo test, the faecal egg count reduction test for use in infected animals, and an in vitro test, the egg hatch test for detection of benzimidazole resistance in nematodes that hatch shortly after embryonation. Anaerobic storage for submission of faecal samples from the field for use in the in vitro test is of value and the procedure is described. The tests should enable comparable data to be obtained in surveys in all parts of the world.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              The detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance.

              Before revised World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines on the detection of anthelmintic resistance can be produced, validation of modified and new methods is required in laboratories in different parts of the world. There is a great need for improved methods of detection of anthelmintic resistance particularly for the detection of macrocyclic lactone resistance and for the detection of resistant nematodes in cattle. Therefore, revised and new methods are provided here for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of ruminants, horses and pigs as a basis for discussion and with the purpose that they are evaluated internationally to establish whether they could in the future be recommended by the WAAVP. The interpretation of the faecal egg count reduction test has been modified and suggestions given on its use with persistent anthelmintics and continuous release devices. An egg hatch test for benzimidazole (BZ) resistance is described. A microagar larval development test for the detection of benzimidazole and levamisole resistance provides third stage larvae for the identification of resistant worms. The sensitivity of these two tests can be increased by using discriminating doses rather than LD(50) values. Details are given of a PCR based test for the analysis of benzimidazole resistance in strongyles of sheep and goats, horses and cattle. Although promising for ruminant trichostrongyles, quantitative determination of gene frequency using real time PCR requires further development before PCR tests will be used in the field. Apart from faecal egg count reduction tests there are currently no satisfactory tests for macrocylic lactone resistance despite the great importance of this subject. Except for treatment and slaughter trials there are no validated tests for fasciolicide resistance or for the detection of resistance in cestodes.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Parasite
                Parasite
                parasite
                Parasite
                EDP Sciences
                1252-607X
                1776-1042
                2021
                18 August 2021
                : 28
                : ( publisher-idID: parasite/2021/01 )
                : 62
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Hlinkova 3 040 01 Košice Slovakia
                [2 ] Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Tilzes 18 47181 Kaunas Lithuania
                [3 ] Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Kamýcká 129 165 00 Prague Suchdol Czech Republic
                [4 ] Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine Robert von Ostertag Str. 7-13 14163 Berlin Germany
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: varady@ 123456saske.sk
                Article
                parasite210009 10.1051/parasite/2021059
                10.1051/parasite/2021059
                8375488
                34410223
                b2f65fc0-147b-4492-96e4-9e6af0ba8f50
                © M. Babják et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2021

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 14 January 2021
                : 31 July 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 4, Equations: 1, References: 33, Pages: 6
                Funding
                Funded by: agentúra na podporu výskumu a vývoja, open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100005357;
                Award ID: APVV-18-0131
                Funded by: agentúra ministerstva školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu sr, open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100003194;
                Award ID: VEGA 2/0099/19
                Funded by: european cooperation in science and technology, open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100000921;
                Award ID: COMBAR CA16230
                Categories
                Special Issue – Combatting Anthelmintic resistance in ruminants. Invited Editors: Johannes Charlier, Hervé Hoste, and Smaragda Sotiraki
                Research Article

                anthelmintic resistance,detection methods,egg hatch test,haemonchus contortus,goats

                Comments

                Comment on this article