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      How are zooplankton’s functional guilds influenced by land use in Amazon streams?

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          Abstract

          Amazon streams present great biodiversity and offer several ecosystem services, but these systems are threatened by multiple land uses. The changes created by land use are expected to drive the composition of species, ultimately changing the trophic relationships of several biological groups, including zooplankton. We investigated if land use changes the composition of zooplankton functional guilds in Amazon streams and which are the local (physical-chemical) variables driving the zooplankton functional guilds in the land-use gradient. Zooplankton and physical-chemical variables were sampled in 17 water bodies in the municipality of Barcarena, Pará, Brazil in 2018 and 2019, five sampling sites were in the Pará River and 12 in streams. Forest cover (a proxy for land use) was determined through digital image processing and converted in percentage. Zooplankton species were classified into five functional guilds (filter, raptorial, scraper, suctor, and predator feeders). We recorded 98 zooplankton taxa and filters were the most abundant functional guild. The composition of zooplankton functional guilds did not change in the land use gradient. However, the distribution of zooplankton functional guilds in Amazon streams was determined by local environmental variables related to the feeding strategies. Scraper-feeders (cladocerans) were positively related to greater canopy cover, suctor-feeders and predator-feeders (both rotifers) were related to greater total phosphorus, whereas filter-feeders (rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods) and raptorial (copepods) were related to total suspended solids. This study brings new information about zooplankton in Amazon streams that are under-studied. The functional approach clarifies the patterns observed and reflects the trophic relationships in which the zooplankton community is involved in streams under a degree of land use, i.e., scraper-cladocerans can represent more preserved streams under greater canopy cover, whereas the other functional guilds were related to variables that can represent more altered streams.

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          Environmental heterogeneity as a universal driver of species richness across taxa, biomes and spatial scales.

          Anke Stein, Katharina Gerstner, Holger Kreft (2014)
          Environmental heterogeneity is regarded as one of the most important factors governing species richness gradients. An increase in available niche space, provision of refuges and opportunities for isolation and divergent adaptation are thought to enhance species coexistence, persistence and diversification. However, the extent and generality of positive heterogeneity-richness relationships are still debated. Apart from widespread evidence supporting positive relationships, negative and hump-shaped relationships have also been reported. In a meta-analysis of 1148 data points from 192 studies worldwide, we examine the strength and direction of the relationship between spatial environmental heterogeneity and species richness of terrestrial plants and animals. We find that separate effects of heterogeneity in land cover, vegetation, climate, soil and topography are significantly positive, with vegetation and topographic heterogeneity showing particularly strong associations with species richness. The use of equal-area study units, spatial grain and spatial extent emerge as key factors influencing the strength of heterogeneity-richness relationships, highlighting the pervasive influence of spatial scale in heterogeneity-richness studies. We provide the first quantitative support for the generality of positive heterogeneity-richness relationships across heterogeneity components, habitat types, taxa and spatial scales from landscape to global extents, and identify specific needs for future comparative heterogeneity-richness research. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.
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            Drought mediates the importance of stochastic community assembly.

            Jonathan M. Chase (2007)
            Historically, the biodiversity and composition of species in a locality was thought to be influenced primarily by deterministic factors. In such cases, species' niches create differential responses to environmental conditions and interspecific interactions, which combine to determine that locality's biodiversity and species composition. More recently, proponents of the neutral theory have placed a premium on how stochastic factors, such as birth, death, colonization, and extinction (termed "ecological drift") influence diversity and species composition in a locality independent of their niches. Here, I develop the hypothesis that the relative importance of stochastic ecological drift and/or priority effects depend on the harshness of the ecological filter in those habitats. I established long-term experimental ponds to explore the relative importance of community assembly history and drought on patterns of community compositional similarity among ponds that were otherwise similar in their environmental conditions. I show considerable site-to-site variation in pond community composition in the absence of drought that likely resulted from a combination of stochastic ecological drift and priority effects. However, in ponds that experienced drought, I found much higher similarity among communities that likely resulted from niche-selection filtering out species from the regional pool that could not tolerate such environmental harshness. These results implicate the critical role for understanding the processes of community assembly when examining patterns of biodiversity at different spatial scales.
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              FORWARD SELECTION OF EXPLANATORY VARIABLES

              F. Guillaume Blanchet, Daniel Borcard, Pierre Legendre (2008)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Francieli F. Bomfim:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4630-3587
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
                Sabrina Deosti: Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
                Nayara Louback-Franco:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-9465
                Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
                Raimundo L. M. Sousa: Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
                Thaisa S. Michelan:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9416-0758
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draft
                Ram Kumar: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Title: PLOS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 August 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0288385
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Laboratório de Ecologia de Produtores Primários, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
                [2 ] Laboratório de Zooplâncton, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
                [3 ] Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Tropical, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Pará, Brazil
                Central University of South Bihar, INDIA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4630-3587
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-9465
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9416-0758
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-23-01608
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288385
                PMC ID: 10393134
                PubMed ID: 37527235
                SO-VID: b2215c7f-8f72-4dd0-9f1c-59217754b3bb
                Copyright © © 2023 Bomfim et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 18 January 2023
                Date accepted : 26 June 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, Pages: 13
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002322, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior;
                Award ID: 001
                Funded by: L’ORÉAL-UNESCO -ABC for Women in Science Prize
                Award Recipient :
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9416-0758
                Funded by: Hydro - Alumina do Norte do Brasil Company
                We are grateful to Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001, and Hydro - Alumina do Norte do Brasil Company for supporting the research project through funding, scholarship and logistical support. We thank the prize L’ORÉAL-UNESCO-ABC for Women in Science Prize - Brazil/2021 for funding support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Eukaryota
                Subject: Animals
                Subject: Invertebrates
                Subject: Plankton
                Subject: Zooplankton
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Zoology
                Subject: Animals
                Subject: Invertebrates
                Subject: Plankton
                Subject: Zooplankton
                Subject: Earth Sciences
                Subject: Geography
                Subject: Human Geography
                Subject: Land Use
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Human Geography
                Subject: Land Use
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Eukaryota
                Subject: Rotifers
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Ecology
                Subject: Ecosystems
                Subject: Forests
                Subject: Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Subject: Ecology
                Subject: Ecosystems
                Subject: Forests
                Subject: Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Subject: Terrestrial Environments
                Subject: Forests
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Eukaryota
                Subject: Plants
                Subject: Algae
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Food
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Food
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Eukaryota
                Subject: Animals
                Subject: Invertebrates
                Subject: Arthropoda
                Subject: Crustaceans
                Subject: Copepods
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Zoology
                Subject: Animals
                Subject: Invertebrates
                Subject: Arthropoda
                Subject: Crustaceans
                Subject: Copepods
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Ecology
                Subject: Community Ecology
                Subject: Trophic Interactions
                Subject: Predation
                Subject: Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Subject: Ecology
                Subject: Community Ecology
                Subject: Trophic Interactions
                Subject: Predation
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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