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      A Review on Hydroponics and the Technologies Associated for Medium- and Small-Scale Operations

      , , , ,
      Agriculture
      MDPI AG

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          Abstract

          According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the world population will reach nine billion people in 2050, of which 75% will live in urban settlements. One of the biggest challenges will be meeting the demand for food, as farmland is being lost to climate change, water scarcity, soil pollution, among other factors. In this context, hydroponics, an agricultural method that dispenses with soil, provides a viable alternative to address this problem. Although hydroponics has proven its effectiveness on a large scale, there are still challenges in implementing this technique on a small scale, specifically in urban and suburban settings. Also, in rural communities, where the availability of suitable technologies is scarce. Paradigms such as the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0, promote Precision Agriculture on a small scale, allowing the control of variables such as pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, among others, resulting in higher production and resource savings.

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          Most cited references57

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          Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 1990

          G. Kremer (1993)
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            The future of urban agriculture and biodiversity-ecosystem services: Challenges and next steps

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              Agrophotovoltaic systems: applications, challenges, and opportunities. A review

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                ABSGFK
                Agriculture
                Agriculture
                MDPI AG
                2077-0472
                May 2022
                April 29 2022
                : 12
                : 5
                : 646
                Article
                10.3390/agriculture12050646
                b1ec088f-8fe9-4e6c-a7e8-f3e579cfdd69
                © 2022

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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