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      Incidence and Risk Factors of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Intensive Care Unit-A Monocentric Retrospective Observational Study.

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          Abstract

          Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is an increasingly recognized complication of COVID-19 and is associated with significant over-mortality. We performed a retrospective monocentric study in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory insufficiency due to COVID-19 from March to December 2020, in order to evaluate the incidence of CAPA and the associated risk factors. We also analysed the diagnostic approach used in our medical centre for CAPA diagnosis. We defined CAPA using recently proposed consensus definitions based on clinical, radiological and microbiological criteria. Probable cases of CAPA occurred in 9 out of 141 patients included in the analysis (6.4%). All cases were diagnosed during the second wave of the pandemic. We observed a significantly higher realization rate of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (51.1% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.01) and Aspergillus testing (through galactomannan, culture, PCR) on BAL samples during the second wave (p < 0.0001). The testing for Aspergillus in patients meeting the clinical and radiological criteria of CAPA increased between the two waves (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, we reported a low but likely underestimated incidence of CAPA in our population. A greater awareness and more systematic testing for Aspergillus are necessary to assess the real incidence and characteristics of CAPA.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Pathogens
          Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
          MDPI AG
          2076-0817
          2076-0817
          Oct 22 2021
          : 10
          : 11
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR) de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
          [2 ] Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR) de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
          [3 ] Biostatistics and Medico-Economic Information Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
          [4 ] Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
          Article
          pathogens10111370
          10.3390/pathogens10111370
          8623919
          34832526
          b1c1dcf5-2944-4b41-9305-9edc1114e76d
          History

          COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA),bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL),coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),galactomannan (GM),intensive care unit (ICU),invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA)

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