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      Anatomía y morfogénesis de las agallas producidas por Leptocybe invasa en plantas de Eucalyptus

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          Abstract

          Leptocybe invasa o “avispa de la agalla del eucalipto”, es un microhimenóptero gallícola que ovipone en hojas jóvenes de eucaliptos. La planta responde formando agallas, que causan enrollamiento, defoliación y colapso de brotes, afectando seriamente la producción. En este trabajo se analizan los cambios morfogenéticos y anatómicos provocados por el desarrollo de las agallas, comparándolos con plantas sanas. Con técnicas tradicionales de microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido se estudiaron ejemplares de Eucalyptus grandis y E. camaldulensis, cultivados en Corrientes, Argentina. La avispa ovipone entre los haces vasculares, el vegetal produce un tejido hiperplásico que se diferencia en cuatro estratos: nutricio, esclerosado, tanífero y cristalífero. El recorrido de los tejidos vasculares se obstruye, produciéndose “bucles xilemáticos” que interrumpen el flujo normal de agua y fotosintatos. Analizando los cambios morfológicos y anatómicos, junto al desarrollo del insecto, se divide el ciclo en tres etapas. Este trabajo demuestra que la formación de agallas en Eucalyptus representa un excelente ejemplo de fenotipo extendido, donde la acción de L. invasa induce al crecimiento anormal de los tejidos vegetales, tanto en aumento del número de células, colapso del sistema vascular de la zona afectada y aparición de nuevas características anatómicas.

          Translated abstract

          Leptocybe invasa is a gall-inducing wasp that oviposits in the young eucalyptus leaves. The plant responds by forming a gall. As a result, this not only causes rolling leaves and defoliation, but also collapses the tree buds which affect seriously the eucalyptus production. In this paper, it is analyzed the morphogenetic and anatomical changes that are caused by the development of galls and then it is compared with healthy plants. The Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis are cultivated in Corrientes, Argentina, and have been studied with traditional techniques of optical and scanning electron microscopy. The wasp oviposits among the vascular bundles, and the plant produces an hyperplastic tissue that are differed into four layers: nutrient, tanniniferous, sclerotic, and crystalliferous. The circulation of the vascular tissues is obstructed and consequently it is interrupted the normal flow of water and solutes that are transported in the xylem. Hence, this situation produces circular vessel. In fact, it is not only analyzed the morphological and anatomical changes but also the insect development, and this cycle is divided into three stages. This work demonstrates that the formation of galls in the eucalyptus are an excellent example of extended phenotype, where the action of L.invasa induces the abnormal growth of plant tissues because of the increase the number of cells, the collapse of the vascular system of the affected area and the apparition of new anatomical features.

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          Most cited references37

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          Calcium oxalate crystals in plants

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            Cell-mediated crystallization of calcium oxalate in plants

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              Taxonomy and biology of Leptocybe invasa gen. & sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an invasive gall inducer on Eucalyptus

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bsab
                Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica
                Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot.
                Sociedad Argentina de Botánica (Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina )
                1851-2372
                June 2015
                : 50
                : 2
                : 141-151
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUNNE orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura
                [01] orgnameUNNE-CONICET orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias orgdiv2Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste
                Article
                S1851-23722015000200002 S1851-2372(15)05000200002
                b0d23da7-0121-462e-8aa8-4f4d1885cb40

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 11
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                SciELO Argentina


                Agallas,Morphogenesis,Myrtaceae,Avispas,Cristales,Hiperplasia,Fenotipo extendido,Hyperplasia,Extended phenotype,Crystals,Wasps,Morfogénesis

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