Non-smoker assertive behaviour against smoke exposure: Chinese and Korean American non-smokers

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

<div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="S1">  </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d1235559e170">Introduction</h5> <p id="P1">Non-smokers’ assertive behaviour towards smokers by asking them not to smoke is important in promoting smokefree environments. Korean and Chinese Americans come from countries where most women are non-smokers and assertive behaviour may not be prevalent but may increase after migration due to social-ecological factors. This study assessed the extent to which Korean and Chinese American non-smokers ask someone not to smoke and associated factors. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="S2">  </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d1235559e175">Methods</h5> <p id="P2">The 2003 California Chinese American and Korean American Tobacco Use Surveys were analysed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined factors related to non-smoker self-reports that they asked someone not to smoke within the past year. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="S3">  </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d1235559e180">Results</h5> <p id="P3">Forty percent reported past year assertive behaviour against smoking, with higher rates among Koreans than Chinese (60.4% vs. 34.5%). Rates were also higher among those living with smokers (63.5%), ever exposed with a smokefree home rule (62.3%), recently exposed at work without a smokefree work policy (67.6%) and regularly exposed at other locations (52.3%). In combined multivariate analyses of both ethnic groups, assertive behaviour was associated with individual factors (single vs. married, tobacco exposure knowledge), family factors (living with smokers, exposed at home despite a smokefree rule), community factors (exposed at work with no smokefree policy, exposed at other locations) and cultural factors (Korean vs. Chinese ethnicity, lower acculturation). </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="S4">  </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d1235559e185">Discussion and Conclusions</h5> <p id="P4">Chinese and Korean American non-smokers report assertive behaviour against smoking, which is associated with social-ecological factors. Results help identify target groups and strategies for future intervention, including the need to implement or enforce smokefree environments and promote empowerment. </p> </div>

Related collections

Most cited references 36

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

The changing public image of smoking in the United States: 1964-2014.

K. Cummings, Robert N Proctor (2014)

Tobacco use behaviors in the U.S. have changed significantly over the past century. After a steep increase in cigarette use rates over the first half of the 20th century, adult smoking prevalence rates started declining from their peak reached in 1964. Improved understanding of the health risks of smoking has been aided by the U.S. Surgeon General's Reports, issued on a nearly annual basis starting in 1964. Among the many forces driving down smoking prevalence were the recognition of tobacco use as an addiction and cause of cancer, along with concerns about the ill effects of breathing secondhand smoke. These factors contributed to the declining social acceptance of smoking, especially with the advent of legal restrictions on smoking in public spaces, mass media counter-marketing campaigns, and higher taxes on cigarettes. This article reviews some of the forces that have helped change the public image of smoking, focusing on the 50 years since the 1964 Surgeon General's Report on smoking and health.

0 comments Cited 52 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Deaths from secondhand smoke exposure in the United States: economic implications.

Wendy Max, Yanling Shi, Yen-Jen Sung (2012)

We estimated the number of deaths attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS), years of potential life lost (YPLL), and value of lost productivity for different US racial/ethnic groups in 2006. We determined the number of SHS-related deaths among nonsmokers from 2 adult and 4 infant conditions using an epidemiological approach. We estimated adult SHS exposure using detectable serum cotinine. For each death, we determined the YPLL and the value of lost productivity. Results. SHS exposure resulted in more than 42 000 deaths: more than 41 000 adults and nearly 900 infants. Blacks accounted for 13% of all deaths but 24% to 36% of infant deaths. SHS-attributable deaths resulted in a loss of nearly 600 000 YPLL and $6.6 billion of lost productivity, or $158 000 per death. The value of lost productivity per death was highest among Blacks ($238 000) and Hispanics ($193 000). The economic toll of SHS exposure is substantial, with communities of color having the greatest losses. Interventions need to be designed to reduce the health and economic burden of smoking on smokers and nonsmokers alike and on particularly vulnerable groups.

0 comments Cited 43 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Commentary: Persistence and Health-Related Consequences of the Model Minority Stereotype for Asian Americans.

Chau Trinh-Shevrin, Stella S. Yi, Simona Kwon … (2016)

Fifty years ago, the term model minority was coined to describe the extraordinary ability of Asian Americans to overcome hardship to succeed in American society. Less well-known is how the model minority stereotype was cultivated within the context of Black-White race relations during the second half of the 20th century, and how this stereotype, in turn, has contributed to the understanding and prioritization of health disparities experienced by Asian Americans. The objectives of this article are to define the model minority stereotype, present its controversies, and provide examples of its social and health-related consequences (ie, implications for obesity and tobacco) across multiple levels of society and institutions. A salient theme throughout the examples provided is the limitation of data presented at the aggregate level across all Asian subgroups which masks meaningful disparities. The intent is to increase the visibility of Asian Americans as a racial/ethnic minority group experiencing chronic disease health disparities and deserving of health-related resources and consideration.