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      The Socioeconomic Impact of Surgical Site Infections

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          Abstract

          Précis: Surgical site infections are an ever-increasing phenomenon worldwide due to different factors. This brief report aimeds to highlight at a glance, for both physicians and political and institutional leaders, the economic burden of surgical site infections.

          Objectives: This brief report aimed to highlight the economic burden of surgical site infections (SSIs).

          Methods: A narrative review focusing on this subject has been carried out.

          Results: Surgical site infections are responsible for generating important costs. In 2017, a French cohort highlighted a mean cost of each SSI treatment to be around €1,814; the same year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines evaluated the mean cost caused by SSI treatment to be from $10,443 to $25,546 per SSI. This cost depends on many factors including the patient himself and the type of surgery.

          Conclusions: Prevention of the risk of infection is, therefore, a profitable concept for surgery that must be integrated within all healthcare managements worldwide.

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          Most cited references32

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          Impact of surgical site infection on healthcare costs and patient outcomes: a systematic review in six European countries.

          Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, SSIs constitute a financial burden and negatively impact on patient quality of life (QoL).
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            Surgical site infection: incidence and impact on hospital utilization and treatment costs.

            Surgical site infections (SSIs) are serious operative complications that occur in approximately 2% of surgical procedures and account for some 20% of health care-associated infections. SSI was identified based on the presence of ICD-9-CM diagnosis code 998.59 in hospital discharge records for 7 categories of surgical procedures: neurological; cardiovascular; colorectal; skin, subcutaneous tissue, and breast; gastrointestinal; orthopedic; and obstetric and gynecologic. Source of data was the 2005 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (HCUP NIS). Primary study outcomes were rate of SSI by surgical category and impact of SSI on length of stay and cost. Results were projected to the national level. Among 723,490 surgical hospitalizations in the sample, 6891 cases of SSI were identified (1%). On average, SSI extended length of stay by 9.7 days while increasing cost by $20,842 per admission. From the national perspective, these cases of SSI were associated with an additional 406,730 hospital-days and hospital costs exceeding $900 million. An additional 91,613 readmissions for treatment of SSI accounted for a further 521,933 days of care at a cost of nearly $700 million. SSI is associated with a significant economic burden in terms of extended length of stay and increased costs of treatment. Our analysis documented nearly 1 million additional inpatient-days and $1.6 billion in excess costs.
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              Surgical site infections: how high are the costs?

              There is an increased interest in prevention of nosocomial infections and in the potential savings in healthcare costs. The aim of this review of recent studies on surgical site infections (SSIs) was to compare methods of cost research and magnitudes of costs due to SSI. The studies reviewed differ greatly with regard to study design and methods for cost calculation. However, healthcare costs for a patient with SSI are, on average, approximately twice the amount of costs for a patient without an SSI.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Public Health
                Front Public Health
                Front. Public Health
                Frontiers in Public Health
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2296-2565
                04 August 2021
                2021
                : 9
                : 712461
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Centre de prévention des infections associées aux soins, University Hospital Rennes , Rennes, France
                [2] 2Department of Visceral Surgery, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School , Geneva, Switzerland
                [3] 3Visceral Surgery, Clinique du Parisis , Cormeilles-en-Parisis, France
                [4] 4Endocrine and visceral surgery department, University Hospital Angers , Angers, France
                [5] 5General Surgery Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, United Kingdom
                [6] 6Digestive Surgery Departement, University Hospital Limoges , Limoges, France
                Author notes

                Edited by: Mihajlo (Michael) Jakovljevic, Hosei University, Japan

                Reviewed by: Julien Hasselmann, Lund University, Sweden; Claudiu Morgovan, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania

                *Correspondence: Niki Christou christou.niki19@ 123456gmail.com

                This article was submitted to Health Economics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Public Health

                Article
                10.3389/fpubh.2021.712461
                8371390
                34422751
                b0007688-8032-4a5a-9e18-ae6d2c918bb5
                Copyright © 2021 Piednoir, Robert-Yap, Baillet, Lermite and Christou.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 21 May 2021
                : 30 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 4, Words: 3415
                Categories
                Public Health
                Mini Review

                surgical site infection,economic impact,burden,digestive surgery,worldwide

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