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Abstract
Numerous lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) have been designed for transluminal applications,
including complex pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) and difficult biliary access.
Limited high-quality data exist directly comparing the various LAMS models, and their
use remains largely dependent on availability and operator expertise. LAMS placement
has been streamlined by the addition of electrocautery, allowing for single-step or
modified "hot" approach, if desired. Therapeutic endoscopists continue to explore
the application of this technology in a variety of clinical scenarios, and future
innovations will be needed to meet these evolving clinical demands.