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      Tratamientos avanzados para la potabilización de aguas residuales Translated title: Advanced Treatments for Wastewater Purification

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          Abstract

          Resumen: El objetivo principal de este artículo es identificar los avances más importantes en referencia a la potabilización de aguas residuales. Para ello, se realiza la explicación detallada sobre la importancia del agua y su estado actual teniendo en cuenta los contaminantes nocivos para el ecosistema acuático. El estudio toma como referentes artículos científicos, revistas, tesis y libros de información desde el año 1936 hasta el 2019 de diferentes bases de datos como Google Académico, Virtual Pro, Ambientalex.info y Science Direct. A partir de la investigación, se describen las ventajas y desventajas que brindan cada uno los tratamientos de agua existentes. Específicamente, se da cuenta de los tratamientos avanzados, en los cuales se determinan las técnicas innovadoras, los beneficios, las aplicaciones y el funcionamiento a escala industrial. Los resultados de este estudio señalan que al implementar tratamientos avanzados de aguas residuales se genera un desarrollo tecnológico con enfoque en la gestión hídrica, que da lugar a un mayor grado de remoción de contaminantes en el agua. Además, se evidencia que las técnicas de intercambio y tecnologías de membrana son funcionales para realizar procesos de remoción efectivos y eficientes. A pesar de que el método de oxidación avanzada realiza la degradación de contaminantes, se concluye que no es funcional por su alto costo operativo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: This article seeks to identify the most crucial breakthroughs in wastewater purification. For this, a detailed explanation is given about the importance of water and its current state, considering harmful pollutants for the aquatic ecosystem. The study takes scientific articles, journals, dissertations, and textbooks published between 1936 and 2019 in different databases such as Google Scholar, Virtual Pro, Ambientalex.info, and Science Direct. Accordingly, it describes the advantages and disadvantages provided by each of the existing water treatments, specifically advanced treatments, determining innovative techniques, benefits, applications, and operations on an industrial scale. The results suggest that implementing advanced wastewater treatments gives rise to technological development focusing on water management, reaching a higher level of water pollutant removal. Besides, the exchange techniques and membrane technologies are functional to carry out effective and efficient removal processes. Even though the advanced oxidation method degrades pollutants, it is not functional due to its high operating cost.

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          Most cited references63

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          Removal of hazardous organics from water using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): plausible mechanisms for selective adsorptions.

          Provision of clean water is one of the most important issues worldwide because of continuing economic development and the steady increase in the global population. However, clean water resources are decreasing everyday, because of contamination with various pollutants including organic chemicals. Pharmaceutical and personal care products, herbicides/pesticides, dyes, phenolics, and aromatics (from sources such as spilled oil) are typical organics that should be removed from water. Because of their huge porosities, designable pore structures, and facile modification, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are used in various adsorption, separation, storage, and delivery applications. In this review, the adsorptive purifications of contaminated water with MOFs are discussed, in order to understand possible applications of MOFs in clean water provision. More importantly, plausible adsorption or interaction mechanisms and selective adsorptions are summarized. The mechanisms of interactions such as electrostatic interaction, acid-base interaction, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking/interaction, and hydrophobic interaction are discussed for the selective adsorption of organics over MOFs. The adsorption mechanisms will be very helpful not only for understanding adsorptions but also for applications of adsorptions in selective removal, storage, delivery and so on.
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            Occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants in municipal wastewater treatment plants from different geographical regions-a review.

            Emerging contaminants, such as antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, hormones, and artificial sweeteners, are recognized as new classes of water contaminants due to their proven or potential adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. This review provides comprehensive data on the occurrence of 60 emerging contaminants (ECs) in influent, treated effluent, sludge, and biosolids in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In particular, data on the occurrence of ECs in the influents and effluents of WWTPs are systematically summarized and categorized according to geographical regions (Asia, Europe, and North America). The occurrence patterns of ECs in raw influent and treated effluents of WWTPs between geographical regions were compared and evaluated. Concentrations of most ECs in raw influent in Asian region tend to be higher than those in European and North American countries. Many antibiotics were detected in the influents and effluents of WWTPs at concentrations close to or exceeding the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for resistance selection. The efficacy of EC removal by sorption and biodegradation during wastewater treatment processes are discussed in light of kinetics and parameters, such as sorption coefficients (Kd) and biodegradation constants (kbiol), and physicochemical properties (i.e. log Kowand pKa). Commonly used sampling and monitoring strategies are critically reviewed. Analytical research needs are identified, and novel investigative approaches for future monitoring studies are proposed.
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              Environmentally-related contaminants of high concern: Potential sources and analytical modalities for detection, quantification, and treatment

              In recent years, emerging contaminants (ECs) of high concern are broadly distributed throughout the environmental matrices because of various industrial practices and anthropogenic inputs, i.e., human-made activities. With ever increasing scientific knowledge, technological advancement, socio-economic awareness, people are now more concern about the widespread distribution of environmentally related ECs of high concern. As, ECs possess serious ecological threats and potential risks to human health and aquatic life, even at minor concentrations. The controlled or uncontrolled discharge and long-term persistence of ECs that includes micro-pollutants, endocrine disruptors (EDs), pesticides, pharmaceuticals, hormones, toxins, and industrially-related synthetic dyes and dyes-containing hazardous pollutants, etc. pose a significant challenge to policy regulators, engineers, and scientific community. The conventional treatment technologies are proved ineffective for the complete elimination and removal of an array of contaminants of emerging environmental concern in various biological and environmental samples. In order to overcome the aforementioned ecological threats, tremendous research efforts have been made to boost the efficiency of remediation techniques or develop new modalities to detect, quantify and treat the samples efficiently. The boom in biotechnology and environmental engineering offers potential opportunities to develop advanced and innovative remediation techniques in the field of water treatment. This review discusses the environmental and health hazards associated with a widespread distribution of micro-pollutants, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, hormones, and industrially-related synthetic dyes and dyes-containing hazardous pollutants, etc. in the water bodies, i.e., surface water, groundwater, and industrial wastewater streams. Life-cycle distribution of emerging (micro)-pollutants with suitable examples from various industrial sources viewpoints is also discussed. The later part of the review focuses on innovative and cost-effective remediation (removal) approaches from phase-changing treatment technologies for these ECs of high concern.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cein
                Ciencia e Ingeniería Neogranadina
                Cienc. Ing. Neogranad.
                Universidad Militar Nueva Granada (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0124-8170
                1909-7735
                December 2021
                : 31
                : 2
                : 121-134
                Affiliations
                [2] Bogotá orgnameFundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas Colombia natalia.sanchez@ 123456estudiantes.uamerica.edu.co
                [1] Bogotá orgnameFundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas Colombia angie.ortega@ 123456profesores.uamerica.edu.co
                Article
                S0124-81702021000200121 S0124-8170(21)03100200121
                10.18359/rcin.5343
                afe11a94-ca4a-4458-89cf-08a9cd112239

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 July 2021
                : 12 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 63, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículos

                tratamientos avanzados,Wastewater,emerging pollutants,ion exchange,membranes,advanced oxidation,advanced treatments,aguas residuales,contaminantes emergentes,intercambio iónico,membranas,oxidación avanzada

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