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      Suicidio y producto interno bruto (PIB) en Chile: hacia un modelo predictivo Translated title: Suicide and Gross Domestic Product in Chile: toward a predictive model

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          Abstract

          Se examina el suicidio desde una perspectiva psicosocial y económica. En contraste con cifras relativamente bajas de suicidio en Latinoamérica respecto de países de la ex URSS y otros europeos, este fenómeno registra un crecimiento sostenido y progresivo en Chile, especialmente entre personas de 15 a 34 años. El análisis de las tasas de suicidio en el país para 1981 a 2003 muestra un curva accidentada ascendente, y correlacionada con algunos resultados económicos tales como la curva del PIB (r = 0,874), proponiéndose un modelo predictivo que alcanza un ajuste satisfactorio (error de 3,8%). El modelo globalizado de economía social de mercado en Chile produce crecimiento económico pero no mejora las condiciones de salud mental de la población al considerar el suicidio como indicador de ésta, observándose inequidad económica y de salud, precarización laboral, desconfianza interpersonal y debilitamiento de las redes sociales. Se evidencian variadas dificultades metodológicas para el análisis del suicidio y de su evolución; no disponibilidad de bases de datos actualizadas para países latinoamericanos y, para Chile, dificultad de acceso a fichas de registro individual del suicida, las que tampoco registran siempre datos epidemiológicamente relevantes relativos al nivel educativo u otros. Se recomienda analizar el suicidio desde una perspectiva psicosocial y económica en América latina, realizando esfuerzos por completar, actualizar y hacer accesibles las bases de datos de los países que la conforman.

          Translated abstract

          In this article suicide is examined from a psychosocial and economical perspective. Contrasting with the relatively low rates of suicide in Latin America as compared to ex-URSS and other European countries, this phenomenon has experienced a progressive growth in Chile, especially among 15-34 years old population. The analysis of suicide rates in Chile for the 1981-2002 period shows an ascending and uneven curve, which is correlated with some economical indexes, such as the GDP (r =0.87). A predictive model that relates GDP and suicide (error of 3.8%) is presented. Chilean global social market economy model has lead to economical growth but it has caused economic and health inequality, precarious labour conditions, and interpersonal distrust, which may explain the poor mental health indicators, as measure by growing suicide rates.In this analysis of suicide, several methodological difficulties were found. First, there is a lack of updated databases, which makes difficult the comparisons among Latin-American countries. Second, it is very difficult to get individual information for most cases of suicide, and, when it is available, the records are incomplete, lacking of epidemiologically relevant data, such a the educational level of the victim. It is concluded that an analysis of suicide in Latin America should include both a psycho-social and an economical perspective. Researchers, officers and authorities are encouraged to update the databases in the countries of the region.

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          Most cited references47

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          Socioeconomic determinants of health. Health inequalities: relative or absolute material standards?

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            The psychology of globalization.

            The influence of globalization on psychological functioning is examined. First, descriptions of how globalization is occurring in various world regions are presented. Then the psychological consequences of globalization are described, with a focus on identity issues. Specifically, it is argued that most people worldwide now develop a bicultural identity that combines their local identity with an identity linked to the global culture; that identity confusion may be increasing among young people in non-Western cultures as a result of globalization; that some people join self-selected cultures to maintain an identity that is separate from the global culture; and that a period of emerging adulthood increasingly extends identity explorations beyond adolescence, through the mid- to late twenties.
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              Unhealthy Societies: The Afflictions of Inequality

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rlps
                Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología
                rev.latinoam.psicol.
                Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz (Bogotá )
                0120-0534
                August 2006
                : 38
                : 2
                : 343-359
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Talca Chile
                [2 ] Universidad de Santiago de Chile
                Article
                S0120-05342006000200008
                afcd1101-654e-4ea6-a357-dd4c3f134abb

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Suicide,GDP,Chile,Globalization,Suicidio,PIB,Globalización
                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Suicide, GDP, Chile, Globalization, Suicidio, PIB, Globalización

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