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      Synthesis of SnO/SnO 2 microsphere photocatalysts by ultrasonic reaction

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          Abstract

          SnO/SnO 2 composites were synthesised through a simple solid-phase grinding-assisted ultrasonic reaction by using SnCl 2 and NH 4HCO 3 as raw materials. Results showed that SnCl 2 reacted with NH 4HCO 3 to form Sn 6O 4(OH) 4 and NH 4Cl through solid-phase grinding. Sn 6O 4(OH) 4 was subsequently hydrolysed to SnO nanosheets. A small amount of SnO grains was transformed to SnO 2. Different treatment processes played important roles in the composition, microstructural morphology and photocatalytic activity of SnO/SnO 2 composites. The direct ultrasonication of ground products yielded microspheres comprising numerous SnO nanosheets and SnO 2 nanoparticles with excellent visible photocatalytic properties, which can degrade 93.5% of methyl orange within 75 min.

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          A review on BiVO 4 photocatalyst: Activity enhancement methods for solar photocatalytic applications

          Prabhakarn Arunachalam, Muthupandian Ashokkumar, Madhavan J. … (2018)
          Article 0 comments Cited 126 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye using ZnO–SnO 2 electrospun ceramic nanofibers

            Petronela Pascariu, Anton Airinei, Niculae Olaru … (2016)
            Article 0 comments Cited 26 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Influence of Aqueous Inorganic Anions on the Reactivity of Nanoparticles in TiO2 Photocatalysis

              Jeffrey Farner Budarz, Andrea Turolla, Aleksander F Piasecki … (2017)
              The influence of inorganic anions on the photoreactivity and aggregation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) was assessed by dosing carbonate, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate as potassium salts at multiple concentrations. NP stability was monitored in terms of aggregate morphology and electrophoretic mobility (EPM). Aggregate size and fractal dimension were measured over time by laser diffraction, and the isoelectric point (IEP) as a function of anion and concentration was obtained by measuring EPM versus pH. Phosphate, carbonate, and to a lesser extent, sulfate decreased the IEP of TiO 2 and stabilized NP suspensions owing to specific surface interactions, whereas this was not observed for nitrate and chloride. TiO 2 NPs were exposed to UV-A radiation, and the photoreactivity was assessed by monitoring the production of reactive species over time both at the NP surface (photogenerated holes) and in the bulk solution (hydroxyl radicals) by observing their reactions with the selective probe compounds iodide and terephthalic acid, respectively. The generation of photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals was influenced by each inorganic anion to varying degrees. Carbonate and phosphate inhibited the oxidation of iodide, and this interaction was successfully described by a Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism and related to the characteristics of TiO 2 aggregates. Chloride and nitrate do not specifically interact with TiO 2 , and sulfate creates relatively weak interactions with the TiO 2 surface such that no decrease in photogenerated hole reactivity was observed. A decrease in hydroxyl radical generation was observed for all inorganic anions. Quenching rate constants for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with each inorganic anion do not provide a comprehensive explanation for the magnitude of this decrease, which arises from the interplay of several physicochemical phenomena. This work shows that the reactivity of NPs will be strongly influenced by the makeup of the waters they are released into. The impact of anion species on hydroxyl radical inhibition was as follows: carbonate > chloride > phosphate > nitrate > sulfate.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijmr
                Title: International Journal of Materials Research
                Publisher: Carl Hanser Verlag
                ISSN (Print): 1862-5282
                ISSN (Electronic): 2195-8556
                Publication date (Print): 12 April 2018
                Volume: 110
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 327-332
                Affiliations
                a Materials and Chemical Engineering School, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
                b National and Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering of Diamond Technology, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
                Author notes
                [∗ ] Correspondence address, Dr. Wangxi Zhang, Materials & Chemical Engineering school, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P.R. China, Tel: +86 371 69975740, Fax: +86 371 69975740, e-mail: zwxlby@ 123456126.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: MK111753
                DOI: 10.3139/146.111753
                SO-VID: af60c52b-0eb5-4a6b-855d-053bb905b629
                Copyright © © 2019, Carl Hanser Verlag, München
                History
                Date received : 18 May 2018
                Date accepted : 5 November 2018
                Date: 8 February 2019
                Page count
                References: 16, Pages: 4
                Categories
                Subject: Original Contributions

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Materials technology,Materials characterization,Materials science
                Keywords: Ultrasonic synthesis,Photocatalysis,Visible light,Methyl orange,SnO,SnO2
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Materials technology, Materials characterization, Materials science
                Keywords: Ultrasonic synthesis, Photocatalysis, Visible light, Methyl orange, SnO, SnO2

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