New strategy to improve quality control of Montenegro skin test at the production level

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Abstract

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The production of the Montenegro antigen for skin test poses difficulties regarding quality control. Here, we propose that certain animal models reproducing a similar immune response to humans may be used in the quality control of Montenegro antigen production. METHODS: Fifteen Cavia porcellus (guinea pigs) were immunized with Leishmania amazonensis or Leishmania braziliensis , and, after 30 days, they were skin tested with standard Montenegro antigen. To validate C. porcellus as an animal model for skin tests, eighteen Mesocricetus auratus (hamsters) were infected with L. amazonensis or L. braziliensis , and, after 45 days, they were skin tested with standard Montenegro antigen. RESULTS: Cavia porcellus immunized with L. amazonensis or L. braziliensis , and hamsters infected with the same species presented induration reactions when skin tested with standard Montenegro antigen 48-72h after the test. CONCLUSIONS: The comparison between immunization methods and immune response from the two animal species validated C. porcellus as a good model for Montenegro skin test, and the model showed strong potential as an in vivo model in the quality control of the production of Montenegro antigen.

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The guinea pig as a model of infectious diseases.

David McMurray, Danielle Carlin, Miriam Hickey (2008)

The words 'guinea pig' are synonymous with scientific experimentation, but much less is known about this species than many other laboratory animals. This animal model has been used for approximately 200 y and was the first to be used in the study of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and diphtheria. Today the guinea pig is used as a model for a number of infectious bacterial diseases, including pulmonary, sexually transmitted, ocular and aural, gastrointestinal, and other infections that threaten the lives of humans. Most studies on the immune response to these diseases, with potential therapies and vaccines, have been conducted in animal models (for example, mouse) that may have less similarity to humans because of the large number of immunologic reagents available for these other species. This review presents some of the diseases for which the guinea pig is regarded as the premier model to study infections because of its similarity to humans with regard to symptoms and immune response. Furthermore, for diseases in which guinea pigs share parallel pathogenesis of disease with humans, they are potentially the best animal model for designing treatments and vaccines. Future studies of immune regulation of these diseases, novel therapies, and preventative measures require the development of new immunologic reagents designed specifically for the guinea pig.

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Leishmaniases diagnosis: an update on the use of immunological and molecular tools

Milena de Paiva-Cavalcanti, Rayana Carla Silva de Morais, Rômulo Pessoa-e-Silva … (2015)

Leishmaniases are caused by obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. They cause a spectrum of diseases, most notably visceral (VL), cutaneous (CL), and mucosal (ML) leishmaniasis, which affect millions of people around the world, each year. Despite scientific advances, leishmaniases cases are expanding, constituting an important public health problem. Immunological and molecular diagnostic tools have been increasingly applied for the early detection of these parasitic infections, since the existence of limitations in clinical and parasitological examinations may provide false results, thus interfering in epidemiological research and diseases control. Although there is a great diversity of available immunological assays, important common deficiencies persist, which explains the current exploration of the molecular biology in research fields, especially the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and its variants, such as real-time quantitative PCR. However, in the last years, significant results have also been reached inside of immunological context (especially by Flow Cytometry), for humans and dogs, demonstrated by research works of the New and Old worlds. In spite of their potential to clarify and minimize the present global situation of the diseases, the implementation of molecular or immunological innovative reference assays for VL and CL at health services is still a challenge due to several reasons, including lack of standardization among laboratories and structural concerns. In this article we bring classical and current information about technological advances for the immunological and molecular leishmaniases diagnosis, their features, and applications.

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Experimental models for leishmaniasis and for testing anti-leishmanial vaccines.

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In public health terms, leishmaniases are diseases of humans and dogs, whereas, in epidemiological terms, Leishmania spp. are considered to represent infections of a wide variety of animals, which represent the natural reservoirs of the various parasite species involved. Humans and dogs (which may be considered secondary or 'accidental' hosts in the leishmanial life-cycle) often exhibit severe clinical signs and symptoms when infected, whereas reservoir hosts generally show a few, minor or no signs. This situation makes the definition of a suitable laboratory model a difficult one, since the various experimental hosts may behave either like a reservoir or an accidental host. This review discusses the concept of animal models for leishmaniases and provides a critical evaluation of the most common experimental models and their respective advantages and disadvantages. In this state-of-the-art review, particular emphasis is given to the value of using mouse, hamster, cotton-rat, dog and primate models, especially in the context of testing potential anti-leishmanial vaccines.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Deborah Carbonera Guedes: Role: ND

João Carlos Minozzo: Role: ND

Aline Kuhn Sbruzzi Pasquali: Role: ND

Craig Faulds: Role: ND

Carlos Ricardo Soccol: Role: ND

Vanete Thomaz-Soccol: Role: ND

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): rsbmt

Title: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

Abbreviated Title: Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - SBMT (Uberaba, MG, Brazil )

ISSN (Print): 0037-8682

ISSN (Electronic): 1678-9849

Publication date (Print and electronic): December 2017

Volume: 50

Issue: 6

Pages: 788-794

Affiliations

[3] Marseille orgnameUniversité d'Aix-Marseille orgdiv1Department of Biotechnology France

[1] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação Strictu Sensu em Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia Brazil

[2] Piraquara PR orgnameSecretaria da Saúde do Estado do Paraná orgdiv1Centro de Produção e Pesquisa de Imunobiológicos Brasil

Article

Publisher ID: S0037-86822017000600788

DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0131-2017

SO-VID: af065fcf-4b7b-4886-86b1-d4773ea203a0

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

History

Date received : 03 April 2017

Date accepted : 12 December 2017

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 7

Product

SciELO Brazil

Keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosis,Montenegro skin test,Cavia porcellus

Data availability:

Keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosis, Montenegro skin test, Cavia porcellus

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