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      Analysis of risk factors for benign central airway stenosis after COVID-19 infection

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          Abstract

          Background

          To investigate the risk factors associated with benign central airway stenosis following COVID-19 infection.

          Methods

          The clinical data of 235 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2022 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the occurrence of postoperative central airway stenosis, the patients were categorized into a stenosis group (118 cases) and a control group (117 cases). The incidence of central airway stenosis following COVID-19 infection was summarized. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors associated with central airway stenosis after COVID-19 infection.

          Results

          Among the 235 patients studied, 118 developed central airway stenosis. The results of the univariate analysis indicated that age, sex, liver function (as measured by alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase values), renal function (creatinine values), diabetes mellitus, fungal airway infections, tuberculosis, and nutritional status (albumin values) were identified as risk factors for benign central airway stenosis following COVID-19 infection ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, the multivariate analysis revealed that sex, diabetes mellitus, fungal airway infections, tuberculosis, and nutritional status (albumin values) were independent risk factors for benign central airway stenosis after COVID-19 infection (all P < 0.05).

          Conclusion

          diabetes mellitus, fungal airway infections, tuberculosis, and poor nutritional status may lead to benign central airway stenosis after COVID-19 infection. Proactive preventive measures and close monitoring should be taken to improve the quality of life of patients infected with COVID-19.

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          Most cited references26

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          COVID-19 severity correlates with airway epithelium–immune cell interactions identified by single-cell analysis

          To investigate the immune response and mechanisms associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on nasopharyngeal and bronchial samples from 19 clinically well-characterized patients with moderate or critical disease and from five healthy controls. We identified airway epithelial cell types and states vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In patients with COVID-19, epithelial cells showed an average three-fold increase in expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2, which correlated with interferon signals by immune cells. Compared to moderate cases, critical cases exhibited stronger interactions between epithelial and immune cells, as indicated by ligand-receptor expression profiles, and activated immune cells, including inflammatory macrophages expressing CCL2, CCL3, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL10, IL8, IL1B and TNF. The transcriptional differences in critical cases compared to moderate cases likely contribute to clinical observations of heightened inflammatory tissue damage, lung injury and respiratory failure. Our data suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of the CCR1 and/or CCR5 pathways might suppress immune hyperactivation in critical COVID-19.
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            COVID-19 tissue atlases reveal SARS-CoV-2 pathology and cellular targets

            COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure1-4, but little is known about its pathophysiology. Here we generated single-cell atlases of 24 lung, 16 kidney, 16 liver and 19 heart autopsy tissue samples and spatial atlases of 14 lung samples from donors who died of COVID-19. Integrated computational analysis uncovered substantial remodelling in the lung epithelial, immune and stromal compartments, with evidence of multiple paths of failed tissue regeneration, including defective alveolar type 2 differentiation and expansion of fibroblasts and putative TP63+ intrapulmonary basal-like progenitor cells. Viral RNAs were enriched in mononuclear phagocytic and endothelial lung cells, which induced specific host programs. Spatial analysis in lung distinguished inflammatory host responses in lung regions with and without viral RNA. Analysis of the other tissue atlases showed transcriptional alterations in multiple cell types in heart tissue from donors with COVID-19, and mapped cell types and genes implicated with disease severity based on COVID-19 genome-wide association studies. Our foundational dataset elucidates the biological effect of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection across the body, a key step towards new treatments.
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              • Article: not found

              Risk of Infection in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Compared With the General Population: A Matched Cohort Study

              We describe in detail the burden of infections in adults with diabetes within a large national population cohort. We also compare infection rates between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                3315436293@qq.com
                Journal
                Eur J Med Res
                Eur J Med Res
                European Journal of Medical Research
                BioMed Central (London )
                0949-2321
                2047-783X
                26 December 2024
                26 December 2024
                2024
                : 29
                : 624
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health, Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, ( https://ror.org/056swr059) Zhengzhou City, China
                [2 ]The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, ( https://ror.org/056swr059) Zhengzhou City, China
                Article
                2216
                10.1186/s40001-024-02216-5
                11670511
                39725992
                aeb09d08-da2b-49f4-80e1-4a90e29d77bd
                © The Author(s) 2024

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

                History
                : 2 June 2024
                : 11 December 2024
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                © BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024

                Medicine
                covid-19 infection,benign central airway stenosis,risk factors,alveolar lavage fluid,diabetes,fungal infections of the airways

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