Mediating and Suppressing Effects of Coping Styles Between Resilience and Empathy for Pain in Clinical Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the current state of empathy for pain among clinical nurses, analyze the relationship between resilience and empathy for pain, and explore the mediating effects of coping styles.

Methods

This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted among 1601 clinical nurses in Guangdong Province, China. The convenience sampling method was used to collect data from Sociodemographic information, the 14-Item Resilience Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Chinese version of the Empathy for Pain Scale from June to September 2023. To analyze the relationship between resilience, coping styles, and empathy for pain among clinical nurses with descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation analysis, and mediation analysis.

Results

The empathy for pain score among Chinese clinical nurses was 2.92 ± 0.79, with the empathy reactions dimension at 3.56 ± 0.74, and the body and mind discomfort reactions dimension at 2.70 ± 0.89. Clinical nurses’ resilience was positively related to the coping styles and the empathy reactions dimension, whereas negatively associated with the body and mind discomfort reactions dimension. Coping styles were negatively related to the empathy for pain and the body and mind discomfort reactions dimension, whereas positive with the empathy reactions dimension. Coping styles partially mediated between resilience and empathy reactions dimension ( β=0.127, 95% CI: 0.070~0.183), accounting for 56.19% of the total effect. There were suppressing effects of coping styles between resilience and empathy for pain ( β=−0.157, 95% CI: −0.189~-0.126), the body and mind discomfort reactions dimension ( β=−0.172, 95% CI: −0.203~-0.142).

Conclusion

The effects of resilience on clinical nurses’ empathy for pain were partially mediated and suppressed by coping styles. During clinical pain management, nursing administrators should focus on developing clinical nurses’ resilience and positive coping strategies to improve nurses’ physical and mental health, optimize pain management, and foster a heightened sense of empathy for pain.

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Most cited references 60

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Dynamics of a stressful encounter: cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes.

Susan Folkman, Richard S. Lazarus, Christine Dunkel-Schetter … (1986)

Despite the importance that is attributed to coping as a factor in psychological and somatic health outcomes, little is known about actual coping processes, the variables that influence them, and their relation to the outcomes of the stressful encounters people experience in their day-to-day lives. This study uses an intraindividual analysis of the interrelations among primary appraisal (what was at stake in the encounter), secondary appraisal (coping options), eight forms of problem- and emotion-focused coping, and encounter outcomes in a sample of community-residing adults. Coping was strongly related to cognitive appraisal; the forms of coping that were used varied depending on what was at stake and the options for coping. Coping was also differentially related to satisfactory and unsatisfactory encounter outcomes. The findings clarify the functional relations among appraisal and coping variables and the outcomes of stressful encounters.

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Stress, Appraisal, and Coping

Richard S. Lazarus, Susan Folkman (1984)

Here is a monumental work that continues in the tradition pioneered by co-author Richard Lazarus in his classic book Psychological Stress and the Coping Process. Dr. Lazarus and his collaborator, Dr. Susan Folkman, present here a detailed theory of psychological stress, building on the concepts of cognitive appraisal and coping which have become major themes of theory and investigation.As an integrative theoretical analysis, this volume pulls together two decades of research and thought on issues in behavioral medicine, emotion, stress management, treatment, and life span development. A selective review of the most pertinent literature is included in each chapter. The total reference listing for the book extends to 60 pages.This work is necessarily multidisciplinary, reflecting the many dimensions of stress-related problems and their situation within a complex social context. While the emphasis is on psychological aspects of stress, the book is oriented towards professionals in various disciplines, as well as advanced students and educated laypersons. The intended audience ranges from psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, nurses, and social workers to sociologists, anthropologists, medical researchers, and physiologists.

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Chronic pain: an update on burden, best practices, and new advances

Steven P Cohen, Lene Vase, William M. Hooten (2021)

Chronic pain exerts an enormous personal and economic burden, affecting more than 30% of people worldwide according to some studies. Unlike acute pain, which carries survival value, chronic pain might be best considered to be a disease, with treatment (eg, to be active despite the pain) and psychological (eg, pain acceptance and optimism as goals) implications. Pain can be categorised as nociceptive (from tissue injury), neuropathic (from nerve injury), or nociplastic (from a sensitised nervous system), all of which affect work-up and treatment decisions at every level; however, in practice there is considerable overlap in the different types of pain mechanisms within and between patients, so many experts consider pain classification as a continuum. The biopsychosocial model of pain presents physical symptoms as the denouement of a dynamic interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors. Although it is widely known that pain can cause psychological distress and sleep problems, many medical practitioners do not realise that these associations are bidirectional. While predisposing factors and consequences of chronic pain are well known, the flipside is that factors promoting resilience, such as emotional support systems and good health, can promote healing and reduce pain chronification. Quality of life indicators and neuroplastic changes might also be reversible with adequate pain management. Clinical trials and guidelines typically recommend a personalised multimodal, interdisciplinary treatment approach, which might include pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, integrative treatments, and invasive procedures.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Multidiscip Healthc

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Multidiscip Healthc

Journal ID (publisher-id): jmdh

Title: Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare

Publisher: Dove

ISSN (Electronic): 1178-2390

Publication date (Electronic): 07 October 2024

Publication date Collection: 2024

Volume: 17

Pages: 4653-4667

Affiliations

[1 ]School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

[2 ]Pediatric Urology Department, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital (Dongguan Children’s Hospital) , Dongguan, People’s Republic of China

[3 ]Science and Education Section, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital (Dongguan Children’s Hospital) , Dongguan, People’s Republic of China

Author notes

Correspondence: Kun Zeng, School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , No. 283, Jianghai Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510310, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13790300213, Email zengkun660524@163.com

[*]

These authors contributed equally to this work

Author information

Yanling Huang http://orcid.org/0009-0005-0874-6231

Sifen Jiang http://orcid.org/0009-0001-3586-9326

Kun Zeng http://orcid.org/0009-0008-8164-919X

Article

Publisher ID: 480295

DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S480295

PMC ID: 11468572

PubMed ID: 39399325

SO-VID: ae50ef6f-c3b3-42a7-8800-92d45d943c42

License:

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

History

Date received : 28 May 2024

Date accepted : 23 September 2024

Page count

Figures: 5, Tables: 4, References: 60, Pages: 15

Mediating and Suppressing Effects of Coping Styles Between Resilience and Empathy for Pain in Clinical Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Abstract

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JMIR Publications

Most cited references 60

Dynamics of a stressful encounter: cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes.

Stress, Appraisal, and Coping

Chronic pain: an update on burden, best practices, and new advances

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