The efficacy of phase I cardiac rehabilitation training based on augmented reality on the self-efficacy of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized clinical trial

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Abstract

Background

Open-heart surgery is considered one of the primary treatments for severe coronary artery stenosis, but it comes with its own set of complications. However, these complications can be reduced through the implementation of proper cardiac rehabilitation during phase I. This study aimed to examine the impact of phase I cardiac rehabilitation training, using augmented reality, on the self-efficacy of cardiac management in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methodology

This randomized clinical trial study involved 60 patients who were admitted to the Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit at Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad. The software used in this study consisted of various videos and educational images demonstrating physical exercises for cardiac rehabilitation. The software was developed to train the patients in the intervention group on the rehabilitation program, starting from their admission to the Intensive Care Unit until their discharge from the hospital. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests such as independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, paired t-test, chi-square test, as well as descriptive indicators. Cohen’s d was also used to evaluate the magnitude of the effect size.

Results

The findings of this study revealed that the total mean score for cardiovascular management self-efficacy significantly increased during the transfer to the Intensive Care Unit and at the time of discharge. Notably, the increase observed in the intervention group was significantly greater than that of the control group ( P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The results of this study indicated that implementing early rehabilitation programs, using innovative educational technology like augmented reality, enhanced the self-efficacy of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. These findings suggest that such programs can be effectively employed as educational tools throughout different stages of cardiac rehabilitation.

Trial Registration

This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (no. IRCT20200203046361N1) on 16/02/2020.

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Most cited references 37

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Health promotion by social cognitive means.

Albert Bandura (2004)

This article examines health promotion and disease prevention from the perspective of social cognitive theory. This theory posits a multifaceted causal structure in which self-efficacy beliefs operate together with goals, outcome expectations, and perceived environmental impediments and facilitators in the regulation of human motivation, behavior, and well-being. Belief in one's efficacy to exercise control is a common pathway through which psychosocial influences affect health functioning. This core belief affects each of the basic processes of personal change--whether people even consider changing their health habits, whether they mobilize the motivation and perseverance needed to succeed should they do so, their ability to recover from setbacks and relapses, and how well they maintain the habit changes they have achieved. Human health is a social matter, not just an individual one. A comprehensive approach to health promotion also requires changing the practices of social systems that have widespread effects on human health.

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A review on coronary artery disease, its risk factors, and therapeutics

Arup Kr. Malakar, Debashree Choudhury, Binata Halder … (2019)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases affecting the global human population. This disease has been proved to be the major cause of death in both the developed and developing countries. Lifestyle, environmental factors, and genetic factors pose as risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of risk factors among healthy individuals elucidates the probable occurrence of CAD in near future. Genome-wide association studies have suggested the association of chromosome 9p21.3 in the premature onset of CAD. The risk factors of CAD include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity, homocystinuria, and psychosocial stress. The eradication and management of CAD has been established through extensive studies and trials. Antiplatelet agents, nitrates, β-blockers, calcium antagonists, and ranolazine are some of the few therapeutic agents used for the relief of symptomatic angina associated with CAD.

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European Society of Cardiology: cardiovascular disease statistics 2021

Adam Timmis, Panos Vardas, Nick Townsend … (2022)

Aims This report from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Atlas Project updates and expands upon the widely cited 2019 report in presenting cardiovascular disease (CVD) statistics for the 57 ESC member countries. Methods and results Statistics pertaining to 2019, or the latest available year, are presented. Data sources include the World Health Organization, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, the World Bank, and novel ESC sponsored data on human and capital infrastructure and cardiovascular healthcare delivery. New material in this report includes sociodemographic and environmental determinants of CVD, rheumatic heart disease, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, left-sided valvular heart disease, the advocacy potential of these CVD statistics, and progress towards World Health Organization (WHO) 2025 targets for non-communicable diseases. Salient observations in this report: (i) Females born in ESC member countries in 2018 are expected to live 80.8 years and males 74.8 years. Life expectancy is longer in high income (81.6 years) compared with middle-income (74.2 years) countries. (ii) In 2018, high-income countries spent, on average, four times more on healthcare than middle-income countries. (iii) The median PM2.5 concentrations in 2019 were over twice as high in middle-income ESC member countries compared with high-income countries and exceeded the EU air quality standard in 14 countries, all middle-income. (iv) In 2016, more than one in five adults across the ESC member countries were obese with similar prevalence in high and low-income countries. The prevalence of obesity has more than doubled over the past 35 years. (v) The burden of CVD falls hardest on middle-income ESC member countries where estimated incidence rates are ∼30% higher compared with high-income countries. This is reflected in disability-adjusted life years due to CVD which are nearly four times as high in middle-income compared with high-income countries. (vi) The incidence of calcific aortic valve disease has increased seven-fold during the last 30 years, with age-standardized rates four times as high in high-income compared with middle-income countries. (vii) Although the total number of CVD deaths across all countries far exceeds the number of cancer deaths for both sexes, there are 15 ESC member countries in which cancer accounts for more deaths than CVD in males and five-member countries in which cancer accounts for more deaths than CVD in females. (viii) The under-resourced status of middle-income countries is associated with a severe procedural deficit compared with high-income countries in terms of coronary intervention, ablation procedures, device implantation, and cardiac surgical procedures. Conclusion Risk factors and unhealthy behaviours are potentially reversible, and this provides a huge opportunity to address the health inequalities across ESC member countries that are highlighted in this report. It seems clear, however, that efforts to seize this opportunity are falling short and present evidence suggests that most of the WHO NCD targets for 2025 are unlikely to be met across ESC member countries.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Fatemeh Hajiabadi:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3832-5022

fatemehhajiabadi2@gmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

Title: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2052-1847

Publication date (Electronic): 17 November 2023

Publication date PMC-release: 17 November 2023

Publication date Collection: 2023

Volume: 15

Electronic Location Identifier: 156

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Medical – Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery (MSC Student), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/04sfka033) Mashhad, Iran

[2 ]GRID grid.449612.c, ISNI 0000 0004 4901 9917, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, , Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, ; Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran

[3 ]Department of Medical – Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University Medical of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

[4 ]Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University Medical of Medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/04sfka033) Mashhad, Iran

Author information

Mohammad Namazinia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2198-7556

Fatemeh Hajiabadi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3832-5022

Seyyed Reza Mazlum https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7981-3917

Article

Publisher ID: 770

DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00770-9

PMC ID: 10656834

PubMed ID: 37978403

SO-VID: ae493d2c-2f46-4c39-af84-850f452a958f

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 28 June 2023

Date accepted : 14 November 2023

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Keywords: coronary artery disease,phase i cardiac rehabilitation training,augmented reality,self-efficacy

Data availability:

Keywords: coronary artery disease, phase i cardiac rehabilitation training, augmented reality, self-efficacy

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The efficacy of phase I cardiac rehabilitation training based on augmented reality on the self-efficacy of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized clinical trial

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Abstract

Background

Methodology

Results

Conclusion

Trial Registration

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Karger: Cardiovascular System

Most cited references 37

Health promotion by social cognitive means.

A review on coronary artery disease, its risk factors, and therapeutics

European Society of Cardiology: cardiovascular disease statistics 2021

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Cited by 4

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