Critical Velocity of Vortex Nucleation in Rotating Superfluid 3He-A

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Abstract

We have measured the critical velocity v_c at which 3He-A in a rotating cylinder becomes unstable against the formation of quantized vortex lines with continuous (singularity-free) core structure. We find that v_c is distributed between a maximum and minimum limit, which we ascribe to a dependence on the texture of the orbital angular momentum l(r) in the cylinder. Slow cool down through T_c in rotation yields l(r) textures for which the measured v_c's are in good agreement with the calculated instability of the expected l texture.

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Considerations on the Flow of Superfluid Helium

P. ANDERSON (1966)

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Spectral Flow in Vortex Dynamics of 3He-B and Superconductors

Ü. Parts, G Volovik, N. Kopnin (1995)

Nondissipative force acting on a vortex in Fermi superfluids and superconductors is calculated from the spectral flow of fermion zero modes in the vortex core. The spectral flow effect casts a new light on the problem of mutual friction in superfluids. We demonstrate that, for vortices in an isotropic system, the reactive mutual friction parameter D'(T) is negative in the collisionless regime and it is positive in the hydrodynamic regime. This agrees with 3He-B measurements [1] ( T.D.C. Bevan, et al, Phys. Rev. Lett., 74, 750 (1995)), which thus give the experimental verification of the spectral flow effect in the vortex dynamics. General expression for all 3 nondissipative forces (Magnus, Iordanskii and spectral flow) is presented in the whole temperature range.