Self-driven magnetorobots for recyclable and scalable micro/nanoplastic removal from nonmarine waters

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Abstract

Micro/nanoplastic (MNP) contamination in nonmarine waters has evolved into a notable ecotoxicological threat to the global ecosystem. However, existing strategies for MNP removal are typically limited to chemical flocculation or physical filtering that often fails to decontaminate plastic particulates with ultrasmall sizes or ultralow concentrations. Here, we report a self-driven magnetorobot comprising magnetizable ion-exchange resin sphere that can be used to dynamically remove or separate MNPs from nonmarine waters. As a result of the long-range electrophoretic attraction established by recyclable ion-exchange resin, the magnetorobot shows sustainable removal efficiency of >90% over 100 treatment cycles, with verified broad applicability to varying plastic compositions, sizes, and shapes as well as nonmarine water samples. Our work may facilitate industry-scale MNP removal with affordable cost and minimal secondary pollution and suggests an appealing strategy based on self-propelled micro/nanorobots to sample and assess nanoplastics in aqueous environment.

Abstract

A self-driven magnetorobot is developed for scalable removal and separation of micro/nanoplastics in nonmarine waters.

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Most cited references 61

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Marine pollution. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean.

Jenna R Jambeck, Roland Geyer, Chris Wilcox … (2015)

Plastic debris in the marine environment is widely documented, but the quantity of plastic entering the ocean from waste generated on land is unknown. By linking worldwide data on solid waste, population density, and economic status, we estimated the mass of land-based plastic waste entering the ocean. We calculate that 275 million metric tons (MT) of plastic waste was generated in 192 coastal countries in 2010, with 4.8 to 12.7 million MT entering the ocean. Population size and the quality of waste management systems largely determine which countries contribute the greatest mass of uncaptured waste available to become plastic marine debris. Without waste management infrastructure improvements, the cumulative quantity of plastic waste available to enter the ocean from land is predicted to increase by an order of magnitude by 2025.

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Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities.

Alice A Horton, Alexander Walton, David J Spurgeon … (2017)

Plastic debris is an environmentally persistent and complex contaminant of increasing concern. Understanding the sources, abundance and composition of microplastics present in the environment is a huge challenge due to the fact that hundreds of millions of tonnes of plastic material is manufactured for societal use annually, some of which is released to the environment. The majority of microplastics research to date has focussed on the marine environment. Although freshwater and terrestrial environments are recognised as origins and transport pathways of plastics to the oceans, there is still a comparative lack of knowledge about these environmental compartments. It is highly likely that microplastics will accumulate within continental environments, especially in areas of high anthropogenic influence such as agricultural or urban areas. This review critically evaluates the current literature on the presence, behaviour and fate of microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments and, where appropriate, also draws on relevant studies from other fields including nanotechnology, agriculture and waste management. Furthermore, we evaluate the relevant biological and chemical information from the substantial body of marine microplastic literature, determining the applicability and comparability of this data to freshwater and terrestrial systems. With the evidence presented, the authors have set out the current state of the knowledge, and identified the key gaps. These include the volume and composition of microplastics entering the environment, behaviour and fate of microplastics under a variety of environmental conditions and how characteristics of microplastics influence their toxicity. Given the technical challenges surrounding microplastics research, it is especially important that future studies develop standardised techniques to allow for comparability of data. The identification of these research needs will help inform the design of future studies, to determine both the extent and potential ecological impacts of microplastic pollution in freshwater and terrestrial environments.

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The global threat from plastic pollution

Matthew MacLeod, Hans Peter H. Arp, Mine B. Tekman … (2021)

Plastic pollution accumulating in an area of the environment is considered “poorly reversible” if natural mineralization processes occurring there are slow and engineered remediation solutions are improbable. Should negative outcomes in these areas arise as a consequence of plastic pollution, they will be practically irreversible. Potential impacts from poorly reversible plastic pollution include changes to carbon and nutrient cycles; habitat changes within soils, sediments, and aquatic ecosystems; co-occurring biological impacts on endangered or keystone species; ecotoxicity; and related societal impacts. The rational response to the global threat posed by accumulating and poorly reversible plastic pollution is to rapidly reduce plastic emissions through reductions in consumption of virgin plastic materials, along with internationally coordinated strategies for waste management.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Wanyuan Li:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3343-0480

Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draft

Changjin Wu:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9885-9128

Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing

Ze Xiong:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-6066

Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing

Chaowei Liang:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3950-3708

Role: Formal analysisRole: SoftwareRole: Validation

Ziyi Li: Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Validation

Baiyao Liu:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8031-1666

Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Validation

Qinyi Cao: Role: SoftwareRole: Validation

Jizhuang Wang:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-9093

Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing

Jinyao Tang:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-148X

Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing - original draft

Dan Li:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4936-4599

Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - review & editing

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Adv

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Adv

Journal ID (publisher-id): sciadv

Journal ID (hwp): advances

Title: Science Advances

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science

ISSN (Electronic): 2375-2548

Publication date Collection: November 2022

Publication date (Electronic, pub): 09 November 2022

Volume: 8

Issue: 45

Electronic Location Identifier: eade1731

Affiliations

[ ¹ ]College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China.

[ ² ]Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.

[ ³ ]Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author. Email: jizhuang@ 123456jnu.edu.cn (J.W.); jinyao@ 123456hku.hk (J.T.); danli@ 123456jnu.edu.cn (D.L.)

[†]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Author information

Wanyuan Li https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3343-0480

Changjin Wu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9885-9128

Ze Xiong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-6066

Chaowei Liang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3950-3708

Baiyao Liu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8031-1666

Jizhuang Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-9093

Jinyao Tang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-148X

Dan Li https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4936-4599

Article

Publisher ID: ade1731

DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1731

PMC ID: 9645706

PubMed ID: 36351008

SO-VID: adb95d47-17b0-4f82-a5eb-d2a5a5b7330a

Copyright © Copyright © 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 30 July 2022

Date accepted : 22 September 2022

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005930, ASCRS Research Foundation;

Award ID: 2020A1515110404

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005930, ASCRS Research Foundation;

Award ID: 202102020444

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014239, North Carolina Central University;

Award ID: 21622409

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 22005119

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 21731002

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 21975104

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 32022041

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 22275073

Funded by: Hong Kong Research Grants Council RGC Collaborative Research Fund;

Award ID: C7082-21G

Funded by: RGC Research Fellowship;

Award ID: RFS2122-7S06

Funded by: Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Research;

Award ID: 2019B030302009

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 22275073

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Self-driven magnetorobots for recyclable and scalable micro/nanoplastic removal from nonmarine waters

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Most cited references 61

Marine pollution. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean.

Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities.

The global threat from plastic pollution

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

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Article

History

Funding

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Cited by 9