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      Diesel particulate filter regeneration mechanism of modern automobile engines and methods of reducing PM emissions: a review

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          Abstract

          Diesel particulate filter (DPF) is considered as an effective method to control particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines, which is included in the mandatory installation list by more and more national/regional laws and regulations, such as CHINA VI, Euro VI, and EPA Tier3. Due to the limited capacity of DPF to contain PM, the manufacturer introduced a method of treating deposited PM by oxidation, which is called regeneration. This paper comprehensively summarizes the most advanced regeneration technology, including filter structure, new catalyst formula, accurate soot prediction, safe and reliable regeneration strategy, uncontrolled regeneration and its control methods. In addition, due to the change of working conditions in the regeneration process, the additional emissions during regeneration are discussed in this paper. The DPF is not only the aftertreatment device but also can be combined with diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and exhaust recirculation (EGR). In addition, the impact of DPF modification on the original system of some old models has been reasonably discussed in order to achieve emission targets.

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          The relationship between air pollution and COVID-19-related deaths: An application to three French cities

          Being heavily dependent to oil products (mainly gasoline and diesel), the French transport sector is the main emitter of Particulate Matter (PMs) whose critical levels induce harmful health effects for urban inhabitants. We selected three major French cities (Paris, Lyon, and Marseille) to investigate the relationship between the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak and air pollution. Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) experiments, we have determined the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 linked to COVID-19-related deaths. Our focus is on the potential effects of Particulate Matter (PM) in spreading the epidemic. The underlying hypothesis is that a pre-determined particulate concentration can foster COVID-19 and make the respiratory system more susceptible to this infection. The empirical strategy used an innovative Machine Learning (ML) methodology. In particular, through the so-called cutting technique in ANNs, we found new threshold levels of PM2.5 and PM10 connected to COVID-19: 17.4 µg/m3 (PM2.5) and 29.6 µg/m3 (PM10) for Paris; 15.6 µg/m3 (PM2.5) and 20.6 µg/m3 (PM10) for Lyon; 14.3 µg/m3 (PM2.5) and 22.04 µg/m3 (PM10) for Marseille. Interestingly, all the threshold values identified by the ANNs are higher than the limits imposed by the European Parliament. Finally, a Causal Direction from Dependency (D2C) algorithm is applied to check the consistency of our findings.
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            Review of the state-of-the-art of exhaust particulate filter technology in internal combustion engines

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              Catalytic control of emissions from cars

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                tandongli@gxust.edu.cn
                Journal
                Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
                Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
                Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                0944-1344
                1614-7499
                8 February 2023
                : 1-39
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.440719.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1800 187X, Research Center of Guangxi Industry High-Quality Development, , Guangxi University of Science and Technology, ; Liuzhou, 545006 China
                [2 ]GRID grid.440719.f, ISNI 0000 0004 1800 187X, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, , Guangxi University of Science and Technology, ; Liuzhou, 545006 China
                [3 ]GRID grid.508037.9, ISNI 0000 0004 8002 2532, School of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, , Beibu Gulf University, ; Qinzhou, 535011 China
                [4 ]GRID grid.497852.5, ISNI 0000 0004 8347 8818, Purchasing Department, , SAIC GM Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd, ; Liuzhou, 545007 China
                Author notes

                Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-347X
                Article
                25579
                10.1007/s11356-023-25579-4
                9905014
                36750514
                ad8b410e-c15b-4e06-ac6a-d5318db7e295
                © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 30 August 2022
                : 23 January 2023
                Categories
                Review Article

                General environmental science
                diesel particulate filter,regeneration,regeneration control,pressure drop

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