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      Encouraging medical students to become surgeons? Impact of psychological and surgical factors on career choice at medical school Translated title: Nachwuchsförderung für die operativen Fächer? Einfluss psychologischer und operativer Faktoren auf die berufliche Orientierung im Medizinstudium

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          Abstract

          Aim:

          Training decisions are viewed as a problem by the majority of medical students.

          In the present study we compared sociodemographic and psychological characteristics of students who are interested in surgical training to those who preferred a non-surgical specialty. Furthermore, we examined whether students who wish to be trained as surgeons performed better than their non-surgical counterparts in a course designed to acquire skills in minimally invasive surgery.

          Method:

          From October 2020 to January 2021 we performed a cross-sectional survey among 116 medical students prior to their year of practical training at Christian-Albrechts University in Kiel. Based on their intended field of specialization, the students were divided into a non-surgical and a surgical group. Sociodemographic and psychological characteristics such as self-efficacy expectations, resilience and stress perception were evaluated and compared between groups. Simultaneously, we compared their surgical performance in two laparoscopic exercises and their self-assessment as surgeons. Statistical differences between the training groups were determined by the Mann-Whitney U test or Pearson’s Chi square test.

          Results:

          Ninety-two students participated in the study, of whom 64.1% intended to train in a non-surgical specialty and 35.9% in a surgical specialty. Students who wished to be trained as surgeons had higher general self-efficacy expectations (p<0.001) and greater resilience (p=0.009). However, on comparison they had a lower stress level (p=0.047). The inter-group comparison of training results and self-assessment as surgeons revealed no unequivocal differences in surgical performance.

          Conclusion:

          Interest in surgical specialties is correlated, among other factors, with the strength of psychological skills such as general self-efficacy expectations, resilience and stress perception. Early attention to these psychological resources in academic training might assist medical students in future career choices.

          Zusammenfassung

          Zielsetzung:

          Die Weiterbildungsentscheidung wird von dem Großteil der Medizinstudierenden als schwierig empfunden.

          Die vorliegende Studie vergleicht die soziodemographischen und psychologischen Merkmale von Studierenden, die sich für ein operatives Weiterbildungsfach interessieren, mit denen, die ein nicht-operatives Fach bevorzugen. Außerdem wird untersucht, ob die Studierenden mit einem operativen Weiterbildungswunsch in einem Kurs zum Erlernen minimal-invasiver Fertigkeiten besser abschneiden als die nicht-operative Vergleichsgruppe.

          Methodik:

          Im Zeitraum von Oktober 2020 bis Januar 2021 wurde eine Querschnittsbefragung von 116 Medizinstudierenden vor dem Praktischen Jahr an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel durchgeführt. Anhand ihres geplanten Weiterbildungsfaches wurden die Studierenden zwei Gruppen („nicht-operativ“ und „operativ“) zugeordnet und ihre soziodemographischen und psychologischen Merkmale wie allgemeine Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung, Resilienz und Stresswahrnehmung zwischen den Gruppen evaluiert. Analog erfolgte ein Vergleich der operativen Leistung in zwei laparoskopischen Operationsübungen sowie der operativen Selbsteinschätzung. Statistische Unterschiede zwischen den verglichenen Weiterbildungsgruppen wurden mittels Mann-Whitney-U-Test oder Chi-Quadrat-Test nach Pearson ermittelt.

          Ergebnisse:

          Insgesamt nahmen 92 Studierende an der Untersuchung teil, davon planten 64,1% ihre ärztliche Weiterbildung in einem nicht-operativen und 35,9% in einem operativen Fach. Die Studierenden mit einem operativen Weiterbildungswunsch zeigten eine höhere allgemeine Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (p<0,001) und eine höhere Ausprägung der Resilienz (p=0,009). Außerdem wiesen sie ein im Vergleich niedrigeres Stresslevel (p=0,047) auf. Der Vergleich der Trainingsergebnisse und operativen Selbsteinschätzung beider Gruppen zeigte keine eindeutigen Unterschiede für die operative Leistung.

          Schlussfolgerung:

          Das Interesse für ein operatives Fachgebiet korreliert unter anderem mit der Ausprägung von psychologischen Fähigkeiten wie der allgemeinen Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung, Resilienz und Stresswahrnehmung. Eine frühzeitige Berücksichtigung dieser Ressourcen in der akademischen Ausbildung könnte Medizinstudierende auf ihrem beruflichen Entscheidungsweg unterstützen.

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          Most cited references34

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          A Global Measure of Perceived Stress

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            Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).

            Resilience may be viewed as a measure of stress coping ability and, as such, could be an important target of treatment in anxiety, depression, and stress reactions. We describe a new rating scale to assess resilience. The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) comprises of 25 items, each rated on a 5-point scale (0-4), with higher scores reflecting greater resilience. The scale was administered to subjects in the following groups: community sample, primary care outpatients, general psychiatric outpatients, clinical trial of generalized anxiety disorder, and two clinical trials of PTSD. The reliability, validity, and factor analytic structure of the scale were evaluated, and reference scores for study samples were calculated. Sensitivity to treatment effects was examined in subjects from the PTSD clinical trials. The scale demonstrated good psychometric properties and factor analysis yielded five factors. A repeated measures ANOVA showed that an increase in CD-RISC score was associated with greater improvement during treatment. Improvement in CD-RISC score was noted in proportion to overall clinical global improvement, with greatest increase noted in subjects with the highest global improvement and deterioration in CD-RISC score in those with minimal or no global improvement. The CD-RISC has sound psychometric properties and distinguishes between those with greater and lesser resilience. The scale demonstrates that resilience is modifiable and can improve with treatment, with greater improvement corresponding to higher levels of global improvement. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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              Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.

              A Bandura (1977)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS Journal for Medical Education
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                2366-5017
                15 April 2024
                2024
                : 41
                : 2
                : Doc21
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kiel, Germany
                [2 ]University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Kiel, Germany
                [3 ]Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Institute for Didactics and Training Research in Medicine, Munich, Germany
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Ibrahim Alkatout, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, House C, D-24105 Kiel, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)431/500-21401 sandra.bruegge@ 123456uksh.de
                Article
                zma001676 Doc21 urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0016763
                10.3205/zma001676
                11106567
                38779696
                ace0af32-0e00-40f1-b888-0a6b946b17db
                Copyright © 2024 Brügge et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. See license information at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 27 February 2023
                : 12 February 2024
                : 10 January 2024
                Categories
                Article

                post-graduate medical training,interest in surgery,self-efficacy expectations,resilience,stress

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