Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is an emerging treatment for noncompressible torso hemorrhage. It remains unclear if REBOA is superior to resuscitative thoracotomy with aortic cross-clamping (RT) in terms of improving outcomes. This study compared in-hospital outcomes between REBOA and RT in trauma patients with uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock, using data from a national inpatient database in Japan.