A Hybrid Battery Equivalent Circuit Model, Deep Learning, and Transfer Learning for Battery State Monitoring

[1 ]State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

[2 ]College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China

[3 ]College of Mechanical and Electrical Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China

[4 ]Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada