Neuroergonomics merges neuroscience and ergonomics for the study of brain and behavior in natural and naturalistic settings. Together with the rapid development of neuroergonomics concepts, technologies, and related data, there is an urgent need to develop computational models of neuroergonomics that can help integrate and interpret empirical findings and make predictions for scientific research and practical application. This article discusses the relationship between computational neuroscience and computational neuroergonomics, and describes a queuing network based computational neuroergonomic architecture and its applications. These discussions illustrate the mission and challenges of computational neuroergonomics and future research needs. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.