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      Robotic Surgery in Rectal Cancer* Translated title: Cirurgia robótica no cancro do reto

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          Abstract

          Abstract Rectal cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most effective and curative treatment is surgery, and the standard procedure is total mesorectal excision, initially performed by open surgery and posteriorly by minimally invasive techniques. Robotic surgery is an emerging technology that is expected to overcome the limitations of the laparoscopic approach. It has several advantages, including a stable camera platform with high definition three-dimensional image, flexible instrumentswith seven degrees of freedom, a third arm for fixed retraction, fine motion scaling, excellent dexterity, ambidextrous capability, elimination of physiological tremors and better ergonomics, that facilitate a steady and precise tissue dissection. The main technical disadvantages are the loss of tactile sensation and tensile feedback and the complex installation process. The aim of the present study is to review the importance and benefits of robotic surgery in rectal cancer, particularly in comparison with the laparoscopic approach. Intraoperative estimated blood loss, short and long-term outcomes as well as pathological outcomes were similar between robotic and laparoscopic surgery. The operative time is usually longer in robotic surgery and the high costs are still itsmajor drawback. Robotic surgery for rectal cancer demonstrated lower conversion rate to open surgery and benefits in urinary and sexual functions and has been established as a safe and feasible technique.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo O cancro do reto é uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo. O único tratamento curativo e mais eficaz é a cirurgia, sendo que o procedimento padrão é a excisão total do mesoreto, inicialmente realizada por cirurgia aberta e mais tarde por técnicas minimamente invasivas. A cirurgia robótica é uma tecnologia emergente que pretende ultrapassar as limitações da laparoscopia. As vantagens incluem plataforma de câmera estável, imagem tridimensional com alta definição, instrumentos flexíveis com sete graus de liberdade, terceiro braço para retração fixa, movimentos finos, excelente destreza, ambidestria, eliminação do tremor fisiológico e maior conforto ergonômico, que facilitam uma disseção firme e precisa dos tecidos. As principais desvantagens técnicas são a perda da sensaçãotáctil e feedback tensional e o complexo processo de instalação. O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma revisão bibliográfica da importância e dos benefícios da cirurgia robótica no cancro do reto, particularmente em comparação coma cirurgia laparoscópica. A perda estimada de sangue intraoperatória, os outcomes a curto e longo-prazo e os outcomes patológicos foram equivalentes entre a cirurgia robótica e laparoscópica. O tempo operatório é geralmente mais longo na cirurgia robótica e os elevados custos são a sua principal desvantagem. A cirurgia robótica no cancro do reto demonstrou menor taxa de conversão para cirurgia aberta e benefícios nas funções urinária e sexual e está estabelecida como uma técnica segura e viável.

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          Most cited references69

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          The mesorectum in rectal cancer surgery—the clue to pelvic recurrence?

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            Robotic-assisted laparoscopic low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer.

            With advanced stereoscopic vision, lack of tremor, and the ability to rotate the instruments surgeons find that robotic systems are ideal laparoscopic tools. Because of its high operating cost, however, robotic surgery should be reserved to procedures in which the technology can be of maximum benefit, usually when precise dissections in confined spaces are required. Because conventional laparoscopic total mesorectal excision is a challenging procedure, we have sought to assess the utility of the DaVinci robotic system in laparoscopic low anterior resections for cancer of the rectum. Between November 2004 and May 2005 robotic-assisted low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision was performed on six consecutive patients with rectal cancer. These cases were compared with six consecutive low anterior resections performed with conventional laparoscopic techniques by the same surgeon. There were no conversions in either group. Operative and pathological data, complications, and hospital stay were similar in the two groups. Robotic operations appeared to cause less strain for the surgeon. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer is feasible in experienced hands. This technique may facilitate minimally invasive radical rectal surgery.
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              Robotic versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a meta-analysis of eight studies.

              Robotic surgery has been used successfully in many branches of surgery, but there is little evidence in the literature on its use in rectal cancer (RC). We conducted this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) to evaluate whether the safety and efficacy of robotic total mesorectal excision (RTME) in patients with RC are equivalent to those of laparoscopic TME (LTME).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jcol
                Journal of Coloproctology (Rio de Janeiro)
                J. Coloproctol. (Rio J.)
                Sociedade Brasileira de Coloproctologia (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                2237-9363
                2317-6423
                June 2021
                : 41
                : 2
                : 198-205
                Affiliations
                [2] Porto orgnameHospital de São João orgdiv1Serviço de Cirurgia Geral Portugal
                [1] Porto orgnameUniversidade do Porto orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Portugal
                Article
                S2237-93632021000200198 S2237-9363(21)04100200198
                10.1055/s-0041-1724055
                abb631c7-628a-480f-a02a-719f04b1dd1b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 June 2020
                : 30 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 69, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                cirurgia robótica,rectal cancer,minimally invasive surgery,robotic surgery,cancro do recto,cirurgia minimamente invasiva

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