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      Green synthesis of Ag/Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles using Mentha longifolia flower extract: evaluation of its antioxidant and anti-lung cancer effects

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          Abstract

          Herein, a bio-inspired synthetic method for Ag NP adorned biofunctionalized magnetic nanocomposite has been demonstrated. In the procedure, Mentha longifolia flower extract was employed as a template for the green reduction of immobilized Ag ions to corresponding NPs and subsequent stabilization. The phytochemical modification also facilitated the Fe 3O 4 NPs to protect from self-aggregation. The as-synthesized Ag/Fe 3O 4 nanocomposite material was characterized by SEM, TEM, EDX, elemental mapping, VSM, XRD and ICP-OES methods. Towards the biological application, the material was first explored in the anti-oxidant study following DPPH assay and it exhibited a significant radical scavenging capacity. The application of Ag/Fe 3O 4 nanocomposite was further progressed in the anticancer study against standard human lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H358). Cytotoxicity of the material against the cell lines were determined in terms of % cell viability following MTT method and was found to decrease with increase in the material load.

          Abstract

          Ag nanoparticles; Magnetic nanocomposite; Green synthesis; Lug cancer.

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          Unique cellular interaction of silver nanoparticles: size-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species.

          C. Carlson, S. Hussain, A M Schrand … (2008)
          The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has created a vast array of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) which have unique physical (size, shape, crystallinity, surface charge) and chemical (surface coating, elemental composition and solubility) attributes. These physicochemical properties of ENMs can produce chemical conditions to induce a pro-oxidant environment in the cells, causing an imbalanced cellular energy system dependent on redox potential and thereby leading to adverse biological consequences, ranging from the initiation of inflammatory pathways through to cell death. The present study was designed to evaluate size-dependent cellular interactions of known biologically active silver nanoparticles (NPs, Ag-15 nm, Ag-30 nm, and Ag-55 nm). Alveolar macrophages provide the first defense and were studied for their potential role in initiating oxidative stress. Cell exposure produced morphologically abnormal sizes and adherence characteristics with significant NP uptake at high doses after 24 h. Toxicity evaluations using mitochondrial and cell membrane viability along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed. After 24 h of exposure, viability metrics significantly decreased with increasing dose (10-75 microg/mL) of Ag-15 nm and Ag-30 nm NPs. A more than 10-fold increase of ROS levels in cells exposed to 50 microg/mL Ag-15 nm suggests that the cytotoxicity of Ag-15 nm is likely to be mediated through oxidative stress. In addition, activation of the release of traditional inflammatory mediators were examined by measuring levels of cytokines/chemokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), released into the culture media. After 24 h of exposure to Ag-15 nm nanoparticles, a significant inflammatory response was observed by the release of TNF-alpha, MIP-2, and IL-1beta. However, there was no detectable level of IL-6 upon exposure to silver nanoparticles. In summary, a size-dependent toxicity was produced by silver nanoparticles, and one predominant mechanism of toxicity was found to be largely mediated through oxidative stress.
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            “Green” Nanotechnologies: Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Using Plants

            V. V. Makarov, A. Love, O. V. Sinitsyna … (2014)
            While metal nanoparticles are being increasingly used in many sectors of the economy, there is growing interest in the biological and environmental safety of their production. The main methods for nanoparticle production are chemical and physical approaches that are often costly and potentially harmful to the environment. The present review is devoted to the possibility of metal nanoparticle synthesis using plant extracts. This approach has been actively pursued in recent years as an alternative, efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally safe method for producing nanoparticles with specified properties. This review provides a detailed analysis of the various factors affecting the morphology, size, and yield of metal nanoparticles. The main focus is on the role of the natural plant biomolecules involved in the bioreduction of metal salts during the nanoparticle synthesis. Examples of effective use of exogenous biomatrices (peptides, proteins, and viral particles) to obtain nanoparticles in plant extracts are discussed.
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              Applications of nanoparticles in biology and medicine

              OV Salata (2004)
              Nanomaterials are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Their unique size-dependent properties make these materials superior and indispensable in many areas of human activity. This brief review tries to summarise the most recent developments in the field of applied nanomaterials, in particular their application in biology and medicine, and discusses their commercialisation prospects.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Bikash Karmakar
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Heliyon
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Heliyon
                Title: Heliyon
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2405-8440
                Publication date PMC-release: 10 December 2022
                Publication date Collection: December 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 December 2022
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: e12326
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin City, 300222, China
                [b ]Department of Chemistry, Gobardanga Hindu College, 24 Parganas (North), India
                [c ]Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
                [d ]‏Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
                [e ]Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
                [f ]Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author. bkarmakar@ 123456ghcollege.ac.in
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2405-8440(22)03614-3 Publisher ID: e12326
                DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12326
                PMC ID: 9800199
                PubMed ID: 36590497
                SO-VID: aba52078-176e-407d-91f9-392dfb05a6fa
                Copyright © © 2022 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 22 July 2022
                Date revision received : 30 July 2022
                Date accepted : 6 December 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: ag nanoparticles,magnetic nanocomposite,green synthesis,lug cancer
                Data availability:
                Keywords: ag nanoparticles, magnetic nanocomposite, green synthesis, lug cancer

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