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      Gastritis enfisematosa como manifestación de isquemia mesentérica no oclusiva tras coartectomía Translated title: Emphysematous gastritis as a manifestation of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia after coartectomy

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          Resumen

          Las intervenciones mayores en cirugía cardiovascular de pacientes con patología aórtica pueden traer como consecuencia el compromiso de la perfusión de órganos distantes al sitio de la cirugía, siendo el tracto gastrointestinal uno de los más sensibles a los cambios hemodinámicos, en especial en grupos extremos de edad con un alto riesgo de morbimortalidad. Se reporta el caso de una lactante con antecedente de síndrome de Turner, quien es llevada a corrección de coartación de aorta más hipoplasia del arco, presentando como complicación posoperatoria un cuadro de gastritis enfisematosa con compromiso sistémico, proceso que fue favorecido por bajo gasto cardiaco posterior a bomba y presencia de urosepsis temprana, todo lo cual fue interpretado como parte del espectro del síndrome de isquemia mesentérica no oclusiva. Su diagnóstico precoz hizo posible una pronta intervención, consistente en soporte nutricional parenteral, freno ácido, antibioticoterapia de amplio espectro y seguimiento radiológico estricto, logrando la resolución completa de su sintomatología, sin complicaciones a corto plazo. Este caso demuestra que la identificación de factores de riesgo de isquemia esplácnica, una alta sospecha clínica y un cuidadoso manejo médico permiten un desenlace favorable para una patología con una alta tasa de mortalidad y muy pocos casos reportados en población pediátrica.

          Abstract

          Major interventions in cardiovascular surgery of patients with aortic pathology can result in the compromise of perfusion of organs distant from the surgery site, the gastrointestinal tract being one of the most sensitive to hemodynamic changes, especially in extreme age groups with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. The case of a young infant is reported, with a history of Turner syndrome, who is led to correction of aortic coarctation plus arch hypoplasia, presenting as a postoperative complication a picture of emphysematous gastritis with systemic compromise, a process that was favored by low cardiac output post-pump and the presence of early urosepsis, all of which was interpreted as part of the spectrum of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia syndrome. Its early diagnosis made possible a prompt intervention consisting of parenteral nutritional support, acid brake, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and strict radiological follow-up, achieving complete resolution of her symptoms, without short-term complications. This case demonstrated that the identification of risk factors for splanchnic ischemia, a high clinical suspicion and careful medical management, allowed a favorable outcome for a disease with a high mortality rate and very few cases reported in the pediatric population.

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          Most cited references21

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          The predictors of mortality and secular changes in management strategies in emphysematous gastritis

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            The Pathogenesis of Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia: Implications for Research and Clinical Practice.

            Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) is a condition that can encompass ischemia, inflammation, and infarction of the intestinal wall. In contrast to most patients with acute mesenteric ischemia, NOMI is distinguished by patent arteries and veins. The clinical presentation of NOMI is often insidious and nonspecific, resulting in a delayed diagnosis. Patients most at risk are those with severe acute and critical disease, including major surgery and trauma. Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia is part of a spectrum, from mild, asymptomatic, and an unexpected finding on CT scanning, through to those exhibiting abdominal distension and peritonitis. Severe NOMI is associated with a significant mortality rate. This review of NOMI pathophysiology was conducted to document current concepts and evidence, to examine the implications for diagnosis and treatment, and to identify gaps in knowledge that might direct future research. The key pathologic mechanisms involved in the genesis of NOMI represent an exaggerated normal physiological response to maintain perfusion of vital organs at the expense of mesenteric perfusion. A supply-demand mismatch develops in the intestine due to the development of persistent mesenteric vasoconstriction resulting in reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to the intestine, particularly to the vulnerable superficial mucosa. This mismatch can be exacerbated by raised intra-abdominal pressure, enteral nutrition, and the use of certain vasoactive drugs, ultimately resulting in the development of intestinal ischemia. Strategies for prevention, early detection, and treatment are urgently needed.
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              Emphysematous gastritis in a hemodialysis patient.

              Emphysematous gastritis is a condition characterized by gas within the wall of the stomach and associated systemic toxicity. We report a case of emphysematous gastritis in a 43-year-old diabetic patient receiving hemodialysis and review 41 cases published since 1889. The most common predisposing factors included ingestion of corrosive substances, alcohol abuse, abdominal surgery, diabetes, and immunosuppression. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation of acute abdomen with associated features of systemic toxicity. The most commonly involved organisms were streptococci (nine cases), Escherichia coli (nine cases), Enterobacter species (six cases), Clostridium welchii (four cases), and Staphylococcus aureus (four cases). Computed tomography (CT) is the diagnostic procedure of choice. The mortality rate was 61% (25 of 41 patients). Gastric contractures after recovery were noted in 10% (4 of 41 patients). Antimicrobial therapy with antibiotics covering gram-negative organisms and anaerobes, and surgery in appropriate cases may enhance survival.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Arch Cardiol Mex
                ACM
                Arch Cardiol Mex
                Archivos de Cardiología de México
                Permanyer Publications
                1405-9940
                1665-1731
                2021
                12 April 2021
                : 91
                : 2
                : 215-220
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico
                [2 ]Servicio de Pediatría
                [3 ]Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular. Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Cundinamarca, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondencia: Deyanira Quiñonez-López E-mail: adquinonez@ 123456husi.org.co
                Article
                ACM-91-215
                10.24875/ACM.20000182
                8295857
                33147599
                ab71ec90-e7eb-433c-b3e1-952c73d9d5bd
                Copyright: © 2021 Permanyer

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 26 April 2020
                : 16 May 2020
                Categories
                Artículo De Revisión

                coartación de aorta,gastritis enfisematosa,isquemia mesentérica,neumatosis gástrica, coarctation of the aorta,emphysematous gastritis,mesenteric ischemia,gastric pneumatosis

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