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      Rendimiento diagnóstico de la histerosalpingografía por resonancia magnética: resultados iniciales Translated title: Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance hysterosalpingography: initial results Abstract

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la histerosalpingografía por resonancia magnética (HSG-RM), utilizando la laparoscopia como método de referencia. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron 22 pacientes. A todas se les realizó una HSG-RM con un resonador 1.5 Tesla y luego una laparoscopia con cromotubación. Dos radiólogos examinaron las RM, determinando la permeabilidad tubaria por consenso. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de rendimiento diagnóstico. Resultados: La HSG-RM tuvo una tasa de éxito del 91%. La duración del estudio fue 49ą15 minutos, el volumen inyectado 26 ą 16 cm³ y la escala de dolor 30ą 19 de 100. La sensibilidad y especificidad de la HSG-RM fueron del 100% para la prueba de Cotte global y a la izquierda, y del 25% y 93,3% para la prueba de Cotte a la derecha, respectivamente. Hubo 2 complicaciones menores y ninguna importante. Discusión: Nuestros resultados iniciales demostraron una alta sensibilidad y especificidad. Si bien otros estudios analizaron la capacidad de la HSG-RM para evaluar la permeabilidad tubaria con buenos resultados, el uso de un patrón de referencia defectuoso dejaba margen para una duda razonable, impidiendo una recomendación basada en pruebas sólidas. Sin embargo, al cotejar nuestros resultados con los publicados, observamos un alto grado de concordancia en tanto el derrame positivo se diagnostica correctamente con una especificidad de 100% o con un porcentaje cercano a esta cifra. Conclusión: La HSG-MR es una alternativa factible y segura de la HSG convencional o virtual, la histerosonografía y la cromotubación.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: To determine the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance hysterosalpingography (MRHSG) using laparoscopic chromotubation as a method of reference. Materials and methods: Twenty-two patients were included. The MRHSG was performed in a 1.5 Tesla MR scanner. Afterwards, patients underwent laparoscopic chromotubation. MR images were examined by two trained radiologists, and tubal patency was determined by consensus. A descriptive analysis was carried out, as well as an analysis of the diagnostic performance. Results: MRHSG had a 91% success rate. Exam duration of the examination was 49ą15min, with an injected volume 26ą 16cc, and pain scale 30ą 19 out of 100. Sensitivity and specificity of MRHSG was 100% for global and left Cotte, and 25% and 93.3% for right Cotte, respectively. Only 2 minor and no major complications were observed. Discussion: The initial results of MRHSG have shown high sensitivity and specificity. Even though other studies have analysed the potential of MRHSG with good results, the use of a flawed reference standard left a margin for a reasonable doubt as regards its true potential, thus preventing a solid evidence based recommendation. Nevertheless, if our results are compared to those published, a high level of agreement is observed in that positive spillage is correctly diagnosed with specificities near or at 100%. Conclusion: MRHSG is a feasible and safe alternative to conventional or virtual HSG, ultrasound-hysterography and chromotubation.

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          Mullerian duct anomalies: imaging and clinical issues.

          While estimates of the frequency of müllerian duct anomalies vary widely owing to different patient populations, nonstandardized classification systems, and differences in diagnostic data acquisition, these anomalies are clinically important, particularly in women who present with infertility. An understanding of the differences between these uterovaginal anomalies, as outlined in the most widely accepted classification system-that published by the American Fertility Society (AFS) in 1988-is imperative given the respective clinical manifestations, different treatment regimens, and prognosis for fetal salvage. Although the AFS classification system serves as a framework for description of anomalies, communication among physicians, and comparison of therapeutic modalities, there often is confusion about appropriate reporting of certain anomalies, particularly those with features of more than one class. Many of the anomalies are initially diagnosed at hysterosalpingography and ultrasonography; however, further imaging is often required for definitive diagnosis and elaboration of secondary findings. At this time, magnetic resonance imaging is the study of choice because of its high accuracy and detailed elaboration of uterovaginal anatomy. Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy are reserved for women in whom interventional therapy is likely to be undertaken. Copyright RSNA, 2004
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            The accuracy of hysterosalpingography in the diagnosis of tubal pathology: a meta-analysis.

            To assess the value of hysterosalpingography (HSG) in diagnosing tubal patency and peritubal adhesions using laparoscopy with chromopertubation as the gold standard. Meta-analysis of 20 studies comparing HSG and laparoscopy for tubal patency and peritubal adhesions. Four thousand one hundred seventy-nine patients with infertility in 20 studies. Hysterosalpingography and diagnostic laparoscopy as part of infertility workup. Tubal patency and peritubal adhesions. For tubal patency the reported sensitivity and specificity differed between studies. In a subset of studies that evaluated HSG and laparoscopy independently, a point estimate of 0.65 for sensitivity and 0.83 for specificity was calculated. For peritubal adhesions a summary receiver operating characteristic curve could be estimated. Although HSG is of limited use for detecting tubal patency because of its low sensitivity, its high specificity makes it a useful test for ruling in tubal obstruction. For the evaluation of peritubal adhesions HSG is not reliable.
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              Preclinical safety assessment and pharmacokinetics of gadodiamide injection, a new magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent.

              In a wide range of preclinical studies of gadodiamide injection (Omniscan, Sanofi Winthrop, New York, NY, and Nycomed AS, Oslo, Norway), the pharmacokinetics of the compound have been delineated and its safety demonstrated. The pharmacokinetic behavior of gadodiamide was consistent with its extracellular distribution. Its half-life in rats, rabbits, and monkeys was short, 18, 38, and 75 minutes, respectively. Gadodiamide was shown to be excreted rapidly, primarily through the kidneys. In rats, 94% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine within the first 24 hours after administration. Approximately 1% to 4% appeared in the feces during the same period. Gadodiamide injection has been shown to have a remarkably low acute lethal toxicity, superior to that of gadopentetate dimeglumine injection (Magnevist, Berlex Laboratories, Wayne, NJ, and Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) or gadoterate meglumine (Dotarem, Laboratoire Guerbet, Aulnay-Sous-Bois, France). In comparison with gadopentetate dimeglumine injection, gadodiamide injection had fewer effects on cardiovascular and hemodynamic function after rapid intravenous injection in anesthetized dogs and, in vitro at high concentrations, on erythrocyte fragility and arterial wall tension. The lesser effects might be attributable, at least in part, to the lower osmolality of gadodiamide injection, although it remains to be seen whether this will translate into any advantage for gadodiamide injection at the lower doses used for imaging procedures in patients. Similar to all known intravenously administered diagnostic imaging agents, gadodiamide injection produces vacuolization of the proximal tubular cells in the kidney, without any change in renal function. However, the single-dose threshold for this effect is greater than 0.5 mmol/kg in the rat; even after a dose of 10 mmol/kg, the vacuolization was only "moderate" in degree and was shown to have regressed partially during the 7 days after administration. In monkeys, administration of 0.25 mmol/kg daily for 28 days had no effect on the kidney, thus providing reassurance of the wide margin of safety for any effect of this compound on the kidney. Although intended for single administration in patients, gadodiamide injection has been studied extensively in a range of subchronic studies in rats and monkeys. The compound was well tolerated in monkeys even when administered at doses up to 1.25 mmol/kg daily for 28 consecutive days. In rats, significant toxicity occurred only at high doses, particularly in male animals, and the pattern of toxicity (involving the stomach, testes, and skin) suggested a disturbance of zinc metabolism. Gadodiamide injection produced no significant irritation when administered by a variety of intravascular and extravascular routes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                rar
                Revista argentina de radiología
                Rev. argent. radiol.
                Sociedad Argentina de Radiología (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                1852-9992
                March 2017
                : 81
                : 1
                : 3-11
                Affiliations
                [03] Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires orgnameInstituto Oncológico Alexander Fleming orgdiv1Servicio de Radiología Argentina
                [02] Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires orgnameCERIM Argentina
                [05] Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires orgnameHospital Italiano de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Servicio de Ginecología Argentina
                [06] Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires orgnameHospital Italiano de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina interna Argentina
                [01] Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires orgnameHospital Italiano de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Servicio de Radiología Argentina
                [04] orgnameInstituto Médico de Alta Complejidad orgdiv1Servicio de Radiología Argentina
                Article
                S1852-99922017000100002
                ab340b6d-7b80-49f9-a739-1991bb2f7fb3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 December 2016
                : 15 July 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 9
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                SciELO Argentina


                Histerosalpingografía,Infertilidad,Laparoscopia,Obstrucción tubaria,Resonancia magnética,Hysterosalpingo-graphy,Infertility,Laparoscopy,Magnetic resonance imaging,Tubal obstruction

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