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      Developing a dashboard for program evaluation in competency-based training programs: a design-based research project Translated title: Création d’un tableau de bord pour l’évaluation des programmes de formation fondée sur les compétences : un projet de recherche basé sur la conception

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          Abstract

          Background

          Canadian specialist residency training programs are implementing a form of competency-based medical education (CBME) that requires the assessment of entrustable professional activities (EPAs). Dashboards could be used to track the completion of EPAs to support program evaluation.

          Methods

          Using a design-based research process, we identified program evaluation needs related to CBME assessments and designed a dashboard containing elements (data, analytics, and visualizations) meeting these needs. We interviewed leaders from the emergency medicine program and postgraduate medical education office at the University of Saskatchewan. Two investigators thematically analyzed interview transcripts to identify program evaluation needs that were audited by two additional investigators. Identified needs were described using quotes, analytics, and visualizations.

          Results

          Between July 1, 2019 and April 6, 2021 we conducted 17 interviews with six participants (two program leaders and four institutional leaders). Four needs emerged as themes: tracking changes in overall assessment metrics, comparing metrics to the assessment plan, evaluating rotation performance, and engagement with the assessment metrics. We addressed these needs by presenting analytics and visualizations within a dashboard.

          Conclusions

          We identified program evaluation needs related to EPA assessments and designed dashboard elements to meet them. This work will inform the development of other CBME assessment dashboards designed to support program evaluation.

          Translated abstract

          Contexte

          Les programmes de résidence dans une spécialité au Canada offrent une formation médicale fondée sur les compétences (FMFC) qui exige l’évaluation des activités professionnelles confiables (APC). Des tableaux de bord pourraient être utilisés pour suivre la complétion des APC afin de faciliter l’évaluation des programmes.

          Méthodes

          Par un processus de recherche basé sur la conception, nous avons ciblé les besoins des programmes liés aux évaluations de la FMFC et conçu un tableau de bord qui comprend les éléments (données, analyses et visualisations) nécessaires pour répondre à ces besoins. Nous avons eu recours à des entretiens auprès des responsables du programme de médecine d’urgence et du bureau d’éducation médicale postdoctorale de l’Université de Saskatchewan. Deux enquêteurs ont effectué une analyse thématique des transcriptions des entretiens afin de recenser les besoins d’évaluation du programme, vérifiés par la suite par deux autres enquêteurs. Les besoins recensés ont été décrits à l’aide de citations, d’analyses et de visualisations.

          Résultats

          Entre le 1 er juillet 2019 et le 6 avril 2021, nous avons mené 17 entretiens avec six participants (deux responsables de programmes et quatre responsables de l’établissement). Quatre besoins sont ressortis en tant que thèmes : le suivi des changements dans les mesures d’évaluation globales, la comparaison des mesures avec le plan d’évaluation, l’évaluation de l’efficacité du stage et l’engagement face à des mesures d’évaluation. Nous avons répondu à ces besoins en présentant des analyses et des visualisations dans un tableau de bord.

          Conclusions

          Nous avons identifié les besoins d’évaluation du programme liés aux évaluations des APC et conçu des éléments de tableau de bord pour y répondre. Ce travail guidera la conception d’autres tableaux de bord d’évaluation de la FMFC en vue de faciliter l’évaluation des programmes.

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          Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups.

          Qualitative research explores complex phenomena encountered by clinicians, health care providers, policy makers and consumers. Although partial checklists are available, no consolidated reporting framework exists for any type of qualitative design. To develop a checklist for explicit and comprehensive reporting of qualitative studies (in depth interviews and focus groups). We performed a comprehensive search in Cochrane and Campbell Protocols, Medline, CINAHL, systematic reviews of qualitative studies, author or reviewer guidelines of major medical journals and reference lists of relevant publications for existing checklists used to assess qualitative studies. Seventy-six items from 22 checklists were compiled into a comprehensive list. All items were grouped into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. Duplicate items and those that were ambiguous, too broadly defined and impractical to assess were removed. Items most frequently included in the checklists related to sampling method, setting for data collection, method of data collection, respondent validation of findings, method of recording data, description of the derivation of themes and inclusion of supporting quotations. We grouped all items into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. The criteria included in COREQ, a 32-item checklist, can help researchers to report important aspects of the research team, study methods, context of the study, findings, analysis and interpretations.
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            Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations.

            Standards for reporting exist for many types of quantitative research, but currently none exist for the broad spectrum of qualitative research. The purpose of the present study was to formulate and define standards for reporting qualitative research while preserving the requisite flexibility to accommodate various paradigms, approaches, and methods.
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              Competency-based medical education: theory to practice.

              Although competency-based medical education (CBME) has attracted renewed interest in recent years among educators and policy-makers in the health care professions, there is little agreement on many aspects of this paradigm. We convened a unique partnership - the International CBME Collaborators - to examine conceptual issues and current debates in CBME. We engaged in a multi-stage group process and held a consensus conference with the aim of reviewing the scholarly literature of competency-based medical education, identifying controversies in need of clarification, proposing definitions and concepts that could be useful to educators across many jurisdictions, and exploring future directions for this approach to preparing health professionals. In this paper, we describe the evolution of CBME from the outcomes movement in the 20th century to a renewed approach that, focused on accountability and curricular outcomes and organized around competencies, promotes greater learner-centredness and de-emphasizes time-based curricular design. In this paradigm, competence and related terms are redefined to emphasize their multi-dimensional, dynamic, developmental, and contextual nature. CBME therefore has significant implications for the planning of medical curricula and will have an important impact in reshaping the enterprise of medical education. We elaborate on this emerging CBME approach and its related concepts, and invite medical educators everywhere to enter into further dialogue about the promise and the potential perils of competency-based medical curricula for the 21st century.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Can Med Educ J
                Can Med Educ J
                CMEJ
                Canadian Medical Education Journal
                Canadian Medical Education Journal
                1923-1202
                27 April 2022
                01 September 2022
                September 2022
                : 13
                : 5
                : 14-27
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Continuing Professional Development Office, and McMaster program for Education Research, Innovation, and Theory (MERIT), McMaster University, Ontario, Canada;
                [2 ]Department of Medical Education, Ege University, Turkey;
                [3 ]Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada;
                [4 ]Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine at McMaster University;
                [5 ]Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada;
                [6 ]Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ontario, Canada
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Dr. Brent Thoma, Room 2646, Box 16, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK. S7N 0W8; email: brent.thoma@ 123456usask.ca ; Cell: 306 881 0112; Twitter: @Brent_Thoma
                Article
                CMEJ-13-014
                10.36834/cmej.73554
                9588183
                36310899
                ab092f9f-3793-433d-9e22-13252a6bb1d0
                © 2022 Yilmaz, Carey, Chan, Bandi, Wang, Wood, Mondal, Thoma; licensee Synergies Partners.

                This is an Open Journal Systems article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is cited.

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