Dietary carotenoid-rich oil supplementation improves exercise-induced anisocytosis in runners: influences of haptoglobin, MnSOD (Val9Ala), CAT (21A/T) and GPX1 (Pro198Leu) gene polymorphisms in dilutional pseudoanemia (sports anemia)

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Abstract

Physical training induces beneficial adaptation, whereas exhaustive exercises increase reactive oxygen-species generation, thereby causing oxidative damage in plasma and erythrocytes, fractions susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Pequi ( Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) is a Brazilian Cerrado fruit containing a carotenoid-rich oil. The aim was to investigate the effects of pequi-oil on exercise-induced oxidative damage in plasma and erythrocytes, after running in the same environment and undergoing weekly training under the same conditions as to type, intensity and length. Evaluations were accomplished after outdoor running on flat land before and after ingestion of 400 mg pequi-oil capsules for 14 days. Blood samples were taken after running and submitted to TBARS assay and erythrogram analysis. Haptoglobin, MnSOD (Val9Ala), CAT (21A/T) and GPX1 (Pro198Leu) gene polymorphisms were priorly investigated, so as to estimate genetic influence The reduction in erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit after pequi-oil treatment was notably associated with higher plasma expansion. Except for MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) and RDW (red cell distribution width), the results were influenced by the polymorphisms studied. The best response to pequi-oil was presented by MnSOD Val/Val, CAT AA or AT genotypes and the GPX1 Pro allele. The significantly lower RDW and higher MHCH values were related to pequi-oil protective effects. Pequi oil, besides possessing other nutritional properties, showed protective blood effects.

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Antioxidants: what role do they play in physical activity and health?

John Clarkson, R Thompson (2000)

Exercise appears to increase reactive oxygen species, which can result in damage to cells. Exercise results in increased amounts of malondialdehyde in blood and pentane in breath; both serve as indirect indicators of lipid peroxidation. However, not all studies report increases; these equivocal results may be due to the large intersubject variability in response or the nonspecificity of the assays. Some studies have reported that supplementation with vitamins C and E, other antioxidants, or antioxidant mixtures can reduce symptoms or indicators of oxidative stress as a result of exercise. However, these supplements appear to have no beneficial effect on performance. Exercise training seems to reduce the oxidative stress of exercise, such that trained athletes show less evidence of lipid peroxidation for a given bout of exercise and an enhanced defense system in relation to untrained subjects. Whether the body's natural antioxidant defense system is sufficient to counteract the increase in reactive oxygen species with exercise or whether additional exogenous supplements are needed is not known, although trained athletes who received antioxidant supplements show evidence of reduced oxidative stress. Until research fully substantiates that the long-term use of antioxidants is safe and effective, the prudent recommendation for physically active individuals is to ingest a diet rich in antioxidants.

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Association between manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk.

A Hirvonen, M Uusitupa, P Sillanpää … (2001)

Superoxide dismutases play a key role in the detoxification of superoxide radicals and thus protect cells from damage induced by free radicals. Within mitochondria manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) provides a major defence against oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species. Polymorphism in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of MnSOD has recently been associated with risk of breast cancer. We examined this in a study population consisting of 483 breast cancer cases and 482 controls, all of Finnish Caucasian origin. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. MnSOD genotypes containing the variant A allele were found to be associated with a 1.5-fold (95% CI 1.1-2.0) increased risk of breast cancer compared with those with the homozygous wild-type genotype (MnSOD VV). This finding supports the proposal that MnSOD genotypes may modify individual breast cancer risk.

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Haptoglobin: function and polymorphism.

J Wassell (1999)

Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein capable of binding haemoglobin, thus preventing iron loss and renal damage. Haptoglobin also acts as an antioxidant, has antibacterial activity and plays a role in modulating many aspects of the acute phase response. There are 3 major haptoglobin phenotypes--Hp(1-1), Hp(2-1) and Hp(2-2). Possession of a particular phenotype has been associated with a variety of common disorders (e.g. cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disorders, malignancy), a fact which can only be explained by the idea that possession of a particular phenotype offers some protection against the development of these disorders. Knowledge of phenotype could therefore aid in the prognosis of disease and allow treatment to be better tailored to suit an individuals' needs.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Genet Mol Biol

Journal ID (publisher-id): GMB

Title: Genetics and Molecular Biology

Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Genética (Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil )

ISSN (Print): 1415-4757

ISSN (Electronic): 1678-4685

Publication date (Print): Apr-Jun 2010

Publication date (Electronic): 1 June 2010

Volume: 33

Issue: 2

Pages: 359-367

Affiliations

[1 ]simpleLaboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil

[2 ]simpleLaboratórios Sabin, Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa, Brasília, DF Brazil

Author notes

Send correspondence to Ana Luisa Miranda-Vilela. Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil. E-mail: mirandavilela@ 123456unb.br .

Article

DOI: 10.1590/S1415-47572010005000022

PMC ID: 3036864

PubMed ID: 21637495

SO-VID: aaee9958-ddb9-453e-9a5b-cddfb068bfa7

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Dietary carotenoid-rich oil supplementation improves exercise-induced anisocytosis in runners: influences of haptoglobin, MnSOD (Val9Ala), CAT (21A/T) and GPX1 (Pro198Leu) gene polymorphisms in dilutional pseudoanemia (sports anemia)

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Higher order chromatin architecture

Most cited references 29

Antioxidants: what role do they play in physical activity and health?

Association between manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk.

Haptoglobin: function and polymorphism.

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