The rise of metal–organic polyhedra

Author(s): Soochan Lee ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ , Hyein Jeong ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ , Dongsik Nam ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ , Myoung Soo Lah ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ , Wonyoung Choe ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴

Publication date (Electronic): 2021

Journal: Chemical Society Reviews

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

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Abstract

Metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs) are comprehensively summarized and classified based on topology, providing new directions for MOP design and forthcoming applications.

Abstract

Metal–organic polyhedra are a member of metal–organic materials, and are together with metal–organic frameworks utilized as emerging porous platforms for numerous applications in energy- and bio-related sciences. However, metal–organic polyhedra have been significantly underexplored, unlike their metal–organic framework counterparts. In this review, we will cover the topologies and the classification of metal–organic polyhedra and share several suggestions, which might be useful to synthetic chemists regarding the future directions in this rapid-growing field.

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Porous crystals are strategic materials with industrial applications within petrochemistry, catalysis, gas storage, and selective separation. Their unique properties are based on the molecular-scale porous character. However, a principal limitation of zeolites and similar oxide-based materials is the relatively small size of the pores, typically in the range of medium-sized molecules, limiting their use in pharmaceutical and fine chemical applications. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) provided a breakthrough in this respect. New MOFs appear at a high and an increasing pace, but the appearances of new, stable inorganic building bricks are rare. Here we present a new zirconium-based inorganic building brick that allows the synthesis of very high surface area MOFs with unprecedented stability. The high stability is based on the combination of strong Zr-O bonds and the ability of the inner Zr6-cluster to rearrange reversibly upon removal or addition of mu3-OH groups, without any changes in the connecting carboxylates. The weak thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability of most MOFs is probably the most important property that limits their use in large scale industrial applications. The Zr-MOFs presented in this work have the toughness needed for industrial applications; decomposition temperature above 500 degrees C and resistance to most chemicals, and they remain crystalline even after exposure to 10 tons/cm2 of external pressure.

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