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      Entrenamiento virtual versus estándar de la reanimación cardiopulmonar neonatal y del lactante: revisión sistemática Translated title: Virtual versus standard training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for neonates and infants: a systematic review

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Objetivo: Sintetizar la evidencia que compara los métodos presencial y virtual de enseñanza para la reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) neonatal y del lactante. Material y métodos: Revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA), en los cuales se incluye personal de salud para la capacitación en RCP. Dos autores seleccionaron, sintetizaron y evaluaron la calidad de los estudios. No se realizó metaanálisis por la alta heterogeneidad entre estudios. Resultados: Se incluyeron cinco ECA que capacitaron a 315 personas: 160 virtual y 155 estándar. Los estudios son diferentes en cuanto a enseñanza virtual, tipo de participantes y evaluación de la efectividad de las intervenciones. Sin embargo, en cuanto a adquisición de conocimientos teóricos, parece no haber diferencias entre ambas técnicas educativas. En habilidades técnicas, la forma estándar produjo mejor desempeño global que usar video. Sobre habilidades no técnicas, la teleeducación generó niveles altos de satisfacción. Conclusiones: Son muy pocos ECA donde se ha comparado la modalidad virtual con la modalidad presencial para la enseñanza de la RCP de neonatos y lactantes. Por lo anterior, es necesario aumentar la investigación para determinar si la modalidad virtual es efectiva para mejorar conocimientos teóricos como habilidades para la RCP. Número de registro PROSPERO: CRD42019116444.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Objective: To synthesize the evidence that compares face-to-face methods with virtual methods for teaching neonatal and infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Material and methods: Systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), in which health personnel are included for training in CPR. Two authors selected, synthesized and assessed the quality of the studies. Due to the high heterogeneity between studies, no meta-analysis was carried out. Results: Five RCTs that trained 315 people were included: 160 virtual and 155 standard. The studies are different in terms of virtual teaching, type of participants and evaluation of the effectiveness of the interventions. However, in terms of knowledge acquisition, there seems to be no difference between the two educational techniques. In technical skills, the standard form produced better overall performance than using video. On non-technical skills, tele-education generated high levels of satisfaction. Conclusions: There are very few RCTs where the virtual modality has been compared with the face-to-face modality for teaching neonates and infants CPR. Therefore, it is necessary to increase research to determine if the virtual modality is effective for CPR, both in knowledge and skills. PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42019116444.

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          Most cited references34

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          4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why?

          The proportion of child deaths that occurs in the neonatal period (38% in 2000) is increasing, and the Millennium Development Goal for child survival cannot be met without substantial reductions in neonatal mortality. Every year an estimated 4 million babies die in the first 4 weeks of life (the neonatal period). A similar number are stillborn, and 0.5 million mothers die from pregnancy-related causes. Three-quarters of neonatal deaths happen in the first week--the highest risk of death is on the first day of life. Almost all (99%) neonatal deaths arise in low-income and middle-income countries, yet most epidemiological and other research focuses on the 1% of deaths in rich countries. The highest numbers of neonatal deaths are in south-central Asian countries and the highest rates are generally in sub-Saharan Africa. The countries in these regions (with some exceptions) have made little progress in reducing such deaths in the past 10-15 years. Globally, the main direct causes of neonatal death are estimated to be preterm birth (28%), severe infections (26%), and asphyxia (23%). Neonatal tetanus accounts for a smaller proportion of deaths (7%), but is easily preventable. Low birthweight is an important indirect cause of death. Maternal complications in labour carry a high risk of neonatal death, and poverty is strongly associated with an increased risk. Preventing deaths in newborn babies has not been a focus of child survival or safe motherhood programmes. While we neglect these challenges, 450 newborn children die every hour, mainly from preventable causes, which is unconscionable in the 21st century.
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            State of Telehealth.

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              Telemedicine: Pediatric Applications.

              Telemedicine is a technological tool that is improving the health of children around the world. This report chronicles the use of telemedicine by pediatricians and pediatric medical and surgical specialists to deliver inpatient and outpatient care, educate physicians and patients, and conduct medical research. It also describes the importance of telemedicine in responding to emergencies and disasters and providing access to pediatric care to remote and underserved populations. Barriers to telemedicine expansion are explained, such as legal issues, inadequate payment for services, technology costs and sustainability, and the lack of technology infrastructure on a national scale. Although certain challenges have constrained more widespread implementation, telemedicine's current use bears testimony to its effectiveness and potential. Telemedicine's widespread adoption will be influenced by the implementation of key provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, technological advances, and growing patient demand for virtual visits.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmp
                Revista mexicana de pediatría
                Rev. mex. pediatr.
                Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatría A.C. (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0035-0052
                August 2021
                : 88
                : 4
                : 133-142
                Affiliations
                [1] Antioquia Antioquía orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Colombia
                [2] Antioquia orgnameClínica Grupo Académico de Epidemiología Clínica Colombia
                Article
                S0035-00522021000400133 S0035-0052(21)08800400133
                10.35366/102777
                aaa63414-11a3-414b-93c9-73b0c341e021

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 February 2021
                : 23 August 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                systematic review,Reanimación cardiopulmonar,recién nacido,lactante,educación a distancia,revisión sistemática,Cardiopulmonary resuscitation,newborn,infant,distance education

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