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      Chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes induced by 250 MeV protons: effects of dose, dose rate and shielding.

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          Abstract

          Although the space radiation environment consists predominantly of energetic protons, astronauts inside a spacecraft are chronically exposed to both primary particles as well as secondary particles that are generated when the primary particles penetrate the spacecraft shielding. Secondary neutrons and secondary charged particles can have an LET value that is greater than the primary protons and, therefore, produce a higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Using the accelerator facility at Loma Linda University, we exposed human lymphocytes in vitro to 250 MeV protons with doses ranging from 0 to 60 cGy at three different dose rates: a low dose rate of 7.5 cGy/h, an intermediate dose rate of 30 cGy/h and a high dose rate of 70 cGy/min. The effect of 15 g/cm2 aluminum shielding on the induction of chromosome aberrations was investigated for each dose rate. After exposure, lymphocytes were incubated in growth medium containing phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and chromosome spreads were collected using a chemical-induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) technique. Aberrations were analyzed using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique with three different colored chromosome-painting probes. The frequency of reciprocal and complex-type chromosome exchanges were compared in shielded and unshielded samples.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Adv Space Res
          Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
          0273-1177
          0273-1177
          2002
          : 30
          : 4
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Wyle Laboratories, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
          Article
          10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00406-4
          12539753
          aaa5a826-3429-4e5e-b310-296ab621e595
          History

          NASA Center JSC,Non-NASA Center,NASA Discipline Radiation Health

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