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      Bipolaris yamadae as a causal agent of brown leaf spot in Megathyrsus maximus in Brazil Translated title: Bipolaris yamadae como agente causal da mancha marrom em Megathyrsus maximus no Brasil

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) is widely used as a forage crop in Brazil, but its production faces disease threats. Recently, new symptoms, such as oblong to irregular brown lesions on leaves, have emerged in M. maximus across the country. Particularly severe symptoms were observed in the BRS Tamani cultivar, and some other genotypes showed lesion coalescence and intense leaf necrosis. This study aimed to identify the cause of these symptoms. A fungus was isolated from the lesions and, using morphological measurements and molecular analysis of the ITS, GPDH and TEF-1α genes, it was identified as Bipolaris yamadae. Pathogenicity tests confirmed its ability to cause disease in M. maximus cv. Tamani. A field survey of 205 M maximus genotypes showed severe symptoms in 8.35 % of the materials.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O capim-colonião (Megathyrsus maximus) é amplamente utilizado como cultura forrageira no Brasil, mas sua produção enfrenta ameaças de doenças. Recentemente, novos sintomas, como lesões marrons oblongas a irregulares nas folhas, surgiram em M maximus em todo o país. Sintomas particularmente severos foram observados na cultivar BRS Tamani, e alguns outros genótipos apresentaram coalescência de lesões e intensa necrose foliar. Objetivou-se identificar a causa desses sintomas. Um fungo foi isolado das lesões e, por meio de medidas morfológicas e análise molecular dos genes ITS, GPDH e TEF-1α, identificado como Bipolaris yamadae. Testes de patogenicidade confirmaram sua capacidade de causar doença em M. maximus cv. Tamani. Um levantamento de campo com 205 genótipos de M maximus revelou sintomas severos em 8,35 % dos materiais.

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          MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11

          The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software has matured to contain a large collection of methods and tools of computational molecular evolution. Here, we describe new additions that make MEGA a more comprehensive tool for building timetrees of species, pathogens, and gene families using rapid relaxed-clock methods. Methods for estimating divergence times and confidence intervals are implemented to use probability densities for calibration constraints for node-dating and sequence sampling dates for tip-dating analyses. They are supported by new options for tagging sequences with spatiotemporal sampling information, an expanded interactive Node Calibrations Editor , and an extended Tree Explorer to display timetrees. Also added is a Bayesian method for estimating neutral evolutionary probabilities of alleles in a species using multispecies sequence alignments and a machine learning method to test for the autocorrelation of evolutionary rates in phylogenies. The computer memory requirements for the maximum likelihood analysis are reduced significantly through reprogramming, and the graphical user interface has been made more responsive and interactive for very big data sets. These enhancements will improve the user experience, quality of results, and the pace of biological discovery. Natively compiled graphical user interface and command-line versions of MEGA11 are available for Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS from www.megasoftware.net .
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            PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications

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              A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-  sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pat
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical
                Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop.
                Escola de Agronomia/UFG (Goiânia, GO, Brazil )
                1517-6398
                1983-4063
                2024
                : 54
                : e77542
                Affiliations
                [2] Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Brazil gustavo.theodoro@ 123456ufms.br
                [1] Campo Grande MS orgnameEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Gado de Corte) Brasil marcio.sanches@ 123456embrapa.br
                [3] Campo Grande orgnameUniversidade Anhanguera Brazil diegovazmb@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1983-40632024000100501 S1983-4063(24)05400000501
                10.1590/1983-40632024v5477542
                aa2a1a9b-d5fa-4edd-bc89-74455d53c603

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 October 2023
                : 01 February 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Scientific Note

                Panicum maximum,forage diseases,molecular phylogeny,doenças de forrageiras,filogenia molecular

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