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      Carcinógenos ocupacionales relevantes en Colombia, listado actualizado (2020) Translated title: Relevant occupational carcinogens in Colombia, 2020 updated list

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo Actualizar la lista de carcinógenos ocupacionales relevantes para el contexto colombiano. Materiales y Métodos Se elaboró un listado único para el contexto colombiano a partir del Manual de Agentes Carcinógenos de los Grupos 1 y 2A de la IARC, de interés ocupacional para Colombia (2006) y del documento CAREX-2012 del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Estos documentos se compararon con los listados de carcinógenos ocupacionales relevantes a nivel internacional a partir de una revisión de literatura con las palabras "occupational carcinogens", "exposure" y"neoplasm". A su vez, estas publicaciones se cotejaron con la información disponible en el Programa de monografías en línea de la Agencia Internacional para la Investigación del Cáncer (IARC), hasta la monografía número 123. Resultados Se proponen 52 carcinógenos ocupacionales relevantes, 25 químicos, cuatro físicos, cuatro biológicos, ocho mezclas y once circunstancias de exposición. Conclusiones La actualización incluyó agentes físicos: radiación ultravioleta de la soldadura y Radón-222 y sus productos en descomposición (emisores de alfa partículas); mezclas: polvo de cuero, polvo de madera y aceite de esquisto; y circunstancias de exposición: humos de soldadura y contaminación del aire exterior y material particulado en aire contaminado exterior.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective Update of relevant occupational carcinogens list in the Colombian context. Materials and Methods A unique list was prepared for the Colombian context from the Manual of Carcinogens of Groups 1 and 2A of the IARC, of occupational interest for Colombia, 2006 and the document CAREX-2012 of the National Cancer Institute. These documents were compared with lists of internationally relevant occupational carcinogens based on a literature review with words "occupational carcinogens", "exposure", and "neoplasm". Additionally, these publications were compared with the information available in the Online Monograph Program of the International Agency for Research on Cancer-IARC, up to monograph number 123. Results 52 relevant occupational carcinogens, 25 chemical, four physical, four biological, eight mixtures and eleven exposure circumstances are proposed. Conclusions the update included physical agents: ultraviolet radiation from welding and Radon-222 and their decomposition products (emitters of alpha particles); mixtures: leather dust, wood dust and shale oil; and exposure circumstances: fumes from welding and outside air pollution and particulate matter in outside polluted air.

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          Most cited references35

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          Preventable exposures associated with human cancers.

          Information on the causes of cancer at specific sites is important to cancer control planners, cancer researchers, cancer patients, and the general public. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph series, which has classified human carcinogens for more than 40 years, recently completed a review to provide up-to-date information on the cancer sites associated with more than 100 carcinogenic agents. Based on IARC's review, we listed the cancer sites associated with each agent and then rearranged this information to list the known and suspected causes of cancer at each site. We also summarized the rationale for classifications that were based on mechanistic data. This information, based on the forthcoming IARC Monographs Volume 100, offers insights into the current state-of-the-science of carcinogen identification. Use of mechanistic data to identify carcinogens is increasing, and epidemiological research is identifying additional carcinogens and cancer sites or confirming carcinogenic potential under conditions of lower exposure. Nevertheless, some common human cancers still have few (or no) identified causal agents.
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            Identifying occupational carcinogens: an update from the IARC Monographs

            The recognition of occupational carcinogens is important for primary prevention, compensation and surveillance of exposed workers, as well as identifying causes of cancer in the general population. This study updates previously published lists of known occupational carcinogens while providing additional information on cancer type, exposure scenarios and routes, and discussing trends in the identification of carcinogens over time. Data were extracted from International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs covering the years 1971–2017, using specific criteria to ensure occupational relevance and provide high confidence in the causality of observed exposure-disease associations. Selected agents were substances, mixtures or types of radiation classified in IARC Group 1 with ‘sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity’ in humans from studies of exposed workers and evidence of occupational exposure documented in the pertinent monograph. The number of known occupational carcinogens has increased over time: 47 agents were identified as known occupational carcinogens in 2017 compared with 28 in 2004. These estimates are conservative and likely underestimate the number of carcinogenic agents present in workplaces. Exposure to these agents causes a wide range of cancers; cancers of the lung and other respiratory sites, followed by skin, account for the largest proportion. The dominant routes of exposure are inhalation and dermal contact. Important progress has been made in identifying occupational carcinogens; nevertheless, there is an ongoing need for research on the causes of work-related cancer. Most workplace exposures have not been evaluated for their carcinogenic potential due to inadequate epidemiologic evidence and a paucity of quantitative exposure data.
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              Toward a New U.S. Chemicals Policy: Rebuilding the Foundation to Advance New Science, Green Chemistry, and Environmental Health

              Objective We describe fundamental weaknesses in U.S. chemicals policy, present principles of chemicals policy reform, and articulate interdisciplinary research questions that should be addressed. With global chemical production projected to double over the next 24 years, federal policies that shape the priorities of the U.S. chemical enterprise will be a cornerstone of sustainability. To date, these policies have largely failed to adequately protect public health or the environment or motivate investment in or scientific exploration of cleaner chemical technologies, known collectively as green chemistry. On this trajectory, the United States will face growing health, environmental, and economic problems related to chemical exposures and pollution. Conclusions Existing policies have produced a U.S. chemicals market in which the safety of chemicals for human health and the environment is undervalued relative to chemical function, price, and performance. This market barrier to green chemistry is primarily a consequence of weaknesses in the Toxic Substances Control Act. These weaknesses have produced a chemical data gap, because producers are not required to investigate and disclose sufficient information on chemicals’ hazard traits to government, businesses that use chemicals, or the public; a safety gap, because government lacks the legal tools it needs to efficiently identify, prioritize, and take action to mitigate the potential health and environmental effects of hazardous chemicals; and a technology gap, because industry and government have invested only marginally in green chemistry research, development, and education. Policy reforms that close the three gaps—creating transparency and accountability in the market—are crucial for improving public and environmental health and reducing the barriers to green chemistry. The European Union’s REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) regulation has opened an opportunity for the United States to take this step; doing so will present the nation with new research questions in science, policy, law, and technology.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rsap
                Revista de Salud Pública
                Rev. salud pública
                Instituto de Salud Publica, Facultad de Medicina - Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá, DF, Colombia )
                0124-0064
                August 2021
                : 23
                : 4
                : e205
                Affiliations
                [3] Bogotá Bogotá orgnameUniversidad El Bosque orgdiv1Salud Ocupacional Colombia
                [2] Bogotá Bogotá orgnameUniversidad El Bosque orgdiv1Salud Ocupacional e Higiene Industrial Colombia
                [1] Bogotá Bogotá orgnameUniversidad El Bosque orgdiv1Salud Ocupacional Colombia ghenriquez@ 123456unbosque.edu.co
                [4] Bogotá Bogotá orgnameUniversidad El Bosque orgdiv1Salud Pública y Desarrollo Social Colombia
                Article
                S0124-00642021000400205 S0124-0064(21)02300400205
                10.15446/rsap.v23n4.85134
                a9f73193-5693-41ec-9cd0-930aa3d11c50

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 February 2020
                : 28 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículos/Investigación

                occupational medicine (source: MeSH, NLM).,Exposición ocupacional,peligros carcinogénicos,cáncer profesional,medicina ocupacional (fuente: DeCS, BIREME),Occupational exposure,carcinogenic dangers,occupational cancer

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