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      Evaluación de dos cepas comerciales de entomonematodos como agentes de control de Cyrtomenus bergi Froeschner (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) Translated title: Evaluation of two commercial strains of entomonematodes as control agents of Cyrtomenus bergi Froeschner (Hemiptera: Cydnidae)

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          Abstract

          Cyrtomenus bergi Froeschner es un fitófago subterráneo importante en cultivos tropicales. Se evaluaron dos cepas comerciales de nemátodos entomopatógenos (nep) ( Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) y Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar) como antagonistas biológicas bajo invernadero (18-28°C y 55-85% humedad relativa). Se utilizaron las concentraciones comerciales recomendadas por la casa commercial E-nema: 1000 y 500 nep/ml de S. feltiae y H. bacteriophora, respectivamente. Estas soluciones se aplicaron en potes de 1,5 dm3 con suelo agrícola y arena (1:1) con 20 individuos de C. bergi (adultos o inmaduros del quinto instar) confinados por pote. Los insectos fueron alimentados con plantas de maní ( Arachis hypogaea L.). La tasa de infestación en el chinche y la mortalidad fueron medidas por medio de evaluaciones destructivas a los 15 y 30 días después de infectados (ddi), tres potes por época. Solo los adultos resultaron infectados (P£0,05). Considerando ambas evaluaciones y todas las cepas, se observó la mayor tasa de penetración en S. feltiae (93,9%) comparado con H. bacteriophora (72,1%). En términos de mortalidad, a 15 ddi H. bacteriophora (42,2%) mató a más insectos que S. feltiae (8,6%); sin embargo, a los 30 ddi no se encontraron diferencias entre las dos cepas de nep (ca. 54,3%). Adicionalmente, se observaron nemátodos melanizados, probablemente como respuesta inmunológica de C. bergi al entomopatógeno, donde S. feltiae (37,5%) fue más susceptible que H. bacteriophora (13,1%) a los 30 ddi. Se concluye que solo los chinches adultos son significativamente susceptibles a los entomonemátodos; H. bacteriophora es la cepa más promisoria al obtener las mayores mortalidades en menos tiempo y presentar el menor porcentaje de melanización bajo estas condiciones.

          Translated abstract

          Cyrtomenus bergi Froeschner is a subterranean phytophage important in tropical crops. We tested two commercial entomopathogenic nematode (epn) strains ( Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar) as biological antagonists in the greenhouse (18-28°C and 55-85% relative humidity). We used the concentrations recommended by the supplier E-nema: 1000 and 500 epn/ ml of S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora , respectively. These solutions were applied to pots of 1,5 dm3 filled with agricultural soil and sand (1:1) with 20 burrower bugs (adults or 5th instar immatures) confined to each pot. The insects were fed on groundnuts ( Arachis hypogaea L.). Infestation rate of the burrower bug and mortality were measured through destructive evaluations 15 and 30 days after application (daa), three pots per time period. Only adults were infested (P£0,05). Considering both evaluations and all strains, we observed the greatest penetration rate for S. feltiae (93,9%) compared to H. bacteriophora (72,1%). In terms of mortality, H. bacteriophora killed more bugs after 15 days (42,2%) than S. feltiae (8,6%); however, after 30 days no differences were found between the two epn strains (54,3%). Moreover, we observed melanized nematodes, probably as an immune response of C. bergi against nematodes, where S. feltiae (37,5%) was more susceptible than H. bacteriophora (13,1%) at 30 daa. We conclude that only adults of C. bergi are susceptible to entomonematodes; H. bacteriophora is the most promising strain for producing greater mortality in less time and presenting a lower percent of melanization under these conditions.

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          Most cited references33

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          Low Cost in Vitro Mass Production of Neoaplectana and Heterorhabditis Species (Nematoda) for Field Control of Insect Pests

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            Current and Future Use of Nematodes in Biocontrol: Practice and Commercial Aspects with Regard to Regulatory Policy Issues

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              Heterorhabditis spp., Neoaplectana spp., and Steinernema kraussei: interspecific and intraspecific differences in infectivity for insects.

              The effectiveness of various dosages of different species/strains of nematodes was compared for Galleria mellonella and various pest insects that live in or pupate in soil. Neoaplectana feltiae (= carpocapsae), the only nematode species tested by most other workers, was never the most infective for any of the insect species tested and was least infective for two. All species/strains of nematode were able to kill insects of each species. The degree of infectivity of each of the nematode species/strains for different hosts varied considerably, and no one species/strain of nematode was the most infective for all insect species. This indicates the importance of testing a number of nematode species against any particular insect before commencing field evaluations for biological control.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcen
                Revista Colombiana de Entomología
                Rev. Colomb. Entomol.
                Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0120-0488
                2665-4385
                June 2006
                : 32
                : 1
                : 31-38
                Affiliations
                [03] Raisdorf orgnameUniversidad de Kiel orgdiv1Departamento de Biotecnología y Control Biológico orgdiv2Instituto de Fitopatología Alemania
                [01] orgnameCentro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical
                Article
                S0120-04882006000100005 S0120-0488(06)03200105
                a999b6cd-fd57-441f-b6cc-e88945525202

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 November 2005
                : 01 February 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Sección agrícola

                Melanización,Steinernema feltiae,Heterorhabditis bacteriophora,Control Biológico,Biological Control,Melanization

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