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Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine recent research studies published from 2000 to 2008 focusing on availability of alcohol: hours and days of sale and density of alcohol outlets. Systematic review. Forty-four studies on density of alcohol outlets and 15 studies on hours and days of sale were identified through a systematic literature search. The majority of studies reviewed found that alcohol outlet density and hours and days of sale had an impact on one or more of the three main outcome variables, such as overall alcohol consumption, drinking patterns and damage from alcohol. Restricting availability of alcohol is an effective measure to prevent alcohol-attributable harm.

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Most cited references 54

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Changing the density of alcohol outlets to reduce alcohol-related problems.

Tanya Chikritzhs, Michael Livingston, Robin Room (2007)

Increasingly, it seems, legal and political debates regarding the granting of new liquor licences are turning to the issue of whether the number and density of alcohol outlets makes a difference in rates of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm. But what is the state of the evidence on this question? In this Harm Reduction Digest Livingston, Chikritzhs and Room review the research literature on the effects of density of alcohol sales outlets on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems; suggest a new way of conceptualising the relationships; and discuss the implications for reducing alcohol-related harm.

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Spatial dynamics of alcohol availability, neighborhood structure and violent crime.

D Gorman, E Labouvie, Paul Gruenewald … (2001)

This study examined the relationship between neighborhood social structure, alcohol outlet densities and violent crime in Camden, New Jersey. Data pertaining to neighborhood social structure, violent crime and alcohol density were collected for 98 block groups, and analyzed using bivariate, multivariate and spatial analyses. Each type of analysis showed that those areas with high alcohol outlet densities experienced more violent crime than low-density areas, after controlling for neighborhood social structure. In the multivariate regression analysis, alcohol outlet densities explained close to one fifth of the variability in violent crime rates across block groups--more than any one of the neighborhood structural variables included in the analysis. These findings were replicated in the spatial analysis, which also showed that alcohol outlet densities contributed significantly to violent crime within target block groups but not in adjacent block groups. High alcohol outlet density is associated with high rates of violent crime in this urban community. Spatial analysis suggests that alcohol outlets elevate the rate of violent crime within the immediate neighborhood context, not in surrounding neighborhoods.

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Ecological models of alcohol outlets and violent assaults: crime potentials and geospatial analysis.

Lillian Remer, Bridget Freisthler, Cesar A Lascala … (2006)

Empirical tests of relationships between alcohol outlets and violence are generally conducted with statistical controls for correlates related to characteristics of people and the places in which they live. Crime potentials theory asserts that certain subpopulations are disposed to participate in criminal activities (population potentials) and certain neighborhoods are more likely to be places where crimes occur (place potentials). The current study assesses the degree to which measures of the different geographic distributions of these potentials contribute to violent crime. Cross-sectional data on hospital discharges for violent assaults were obtained for residents of 1637 zip code areas in California. Assault rates were related to measures of population and place characteristics using spatial statistical models corrected for spatial autocorrelated error. Rates of assault were related to population and place characteristics within zip code areas, and with characteristics of populations living in adjacent zip code areas. Assault rates were greater in densely populated, poor minority urban areas with greater residential instability. Assault rates were also greater in zip code areas adjacent to densely populated urban areas. Assault rates were related significantly to local densities of off-premise alcohol retail establishments, not bars. However, densities of bars moderated substantially effects related to local population characteristics. Bars were related significantly to violence in unstable poor minority areas and in rural middle-income areas of the state. Population and place characteristics are associated with rates of violence across spatial areas. Alcohol outlets directly affect and moderate potentials for violence associated with socio-demographic groups.

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PubMed ID:: 19734159

DOI:: 10.1093/alcalc/agp054

ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry

Keywords: Alcohol Drinking,epidemiology,Alcohol-Related Disorders,prevention & control,Commerce,statistics & numerical data,Ethanol,Humans

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry

Keywords: Alcohol Drinking, epidemiology, Alcohol-Related Disorders, prevention & control, Commerce, statistics & numerical data, Ethanol, Humans

Hours and days of sale and density of alcohol outlets: impacts on alcohol consumption and damage: a systematic review.

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Abstract

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A Sustainable Future

Most cited references 54

Changing the density of alcohol outlets to reduce alcohol-related problems.

Spatial dynamics of alcohol availability, neighborhood structure and violent crime.

Ecological models of alcohol outlets and violent assaults: crime potentials and geospatial analysis.

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