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      Bioactives from Agri-Food Wastes: Present Insights and Future Challenges

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          Abstract

          Sustainable utilization of agri-food wastes and by-products for producing value-added products (for cosmetic, pharmaceutical or food industrial applications) provides an opportunity for earning additional income for the dependent industrial sector. Besides, effective valorisation of wastes/by-products can efficiently help in reducing environmental stress by decreasing unwarranted pollution. The major focus of this review is to provide comprehensive information on valorisation of agri-food wastes and by-products with focus laid on bioactive compounds and bioactivity. The review covers the bioactives identified from wastes and by-products of plants (fruits, exotic fruits, vegetables and seeds), animals (dairy and meat) and marine (fish, shellfish seaweeds) resources. Further, insights on the present status and future challenges of sustainably utilizing agri-food wastes/by-products for value addition will be highlighted.

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          Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of selected fruit seeds

          Yean Yean Soong, Philip J Barlow (2004)
          Article 0 comments Cited 142 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Update on natural food pigments - A mini-review on carotenoids, anthocyanins, and betalains

            Délia Rodriguez-Amaya (2018)
            Extensive structure elucidation has revealed a remarkable diversity of structures for carotenoids, anthocyanins, and betalains, the major natural pigments in plant-derived foods. Composition, stability, influencing factors, processing effects have been widely investigated. Carotenoids isomerize and oxidize while anthocyanins undergo hydrolysis, nucleophilic attack of water, ring fission, and polymerization during thermal processing. Betacyanins suffer deglycosylation, isomerization, dehydrogenation, hydrolysis, and decarboxylation. Biotechnological production dominates research on carotenoids as food colorants while the search for plant sources continues with anthocyanins and betalains. Stabilization studies presently focus on microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation. For anthocyanins, co-pigmentation has also been intensely researched. Carotenoids have been the most studied in terms of health effects, involving epidemiological, cell, animal, and human intervention studies, yet some inconsistencies in the results persist. A wide range of biological activities have been attributed to anthocyanins and betalains, based mainly on cell and animal studies; human clinical studies are lacking.
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              Bioactives from fruit processing wastes: Green approaches to valuable chemicals.

              Jhumur Banerjee, Ramkrishna Singh, R. Vijayaraghavan … (2017)
              Fruit processing industries contribute more than 0.5billion tonnes of waste worldwide. The global availability of this feedstock and its untapped potential has encouraged researchers to perform detailed studies on value-addition potential of fruit processing waste (FPW). Compared to general food or other biomass derived waste, FPW are found to be selective and concentrated in nature. The peels, pomace and seed fractions of FPW could potentially be a good feedstock for recovery of bioactive compounds such as pectin, lipids, flavonoids, dietary fibres etc. A novel bio-refinery approach would aim to produce a wider range of valuable chemicals from FPW. The wastes from majority of the extraction processes may further be used as renewable sources for production of biofuels. The literature on value addition to fruit derived waste is diverse. This paper presents a review of fruit waste derived bioactives. The financial challenges encountered in existing methods are also discussed.
              Article 0 comments Cited 116 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Maria Beatriz Prior Pinto Oliveira: Role: Academic Editor
                Rita Carneiro Alves: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 January 2020
                Publication date Collection: February 2020
                Volume: 25
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: 510
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies of the Estonian University of Life Sciences (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; sana.benothmanepaloulou@ 123456emu.ee (S.B.-O.); ivi.joudu@ 123456emu.ee (I.J.)
                [2 ]Chair of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Science, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: rajeev.bhat@ 123456emu.ee ; Tel.: +372-731-3927
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-9037
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2189-7884
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3391-6624
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-25-00510
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030510
                PMC ID: 7037811
                PubMed ID: 31991658
                SO-VID: a961f53b-ef32-4bb4-943e-da5f2c66701f
                Copyright © © 2020 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 11 November 2019
                Date accepted : 22 January 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: waste valorisation,sustainability,bioactive compounds,phytochemicals,bioactivity
                Data availability:
                Keywords: waste valorisation, sustainability, bioactive compounds, phytochemicals, bioactivity

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