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      Avulsion amputation of the ring finger managed by double cross finger flap: 25 years follow-up

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          Abstract

          Avulsion amputation of the fingers are rare. Current trend is to replant the avulsed tissue in spite of a high rate of failure. There are situations where replantation is not possible. Various salvage procedures have been mentioned. The author is presenting a 25 year follow up of a double cross finger flap done in 1987. A similar procedure has been reported by other authors but with a short term follow up.

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          Most cited references15

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          Results of replantation of 33 ring avulsion amputations.

          Despite microsurgical advances, it is still difficult to achieve satisfactory functional results in cases of replantations following complete ring avulsion amputations. Our aim is to report the experience we have collected since the early 1990s in the treatment of this type of injury.
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            Finger soft tissue reconstruction using arterialized venous free flaps having 2 parallel veins.

            Arterialized venous free flaps with a single straight venous axis may require redirection of either the efferent or afferent vein for anastomosis to the digital vessels. To simplify these flaps, the authors propose use of an arterialized venous free flap having 2 parallel veins that does not require redirection of the veins. The authors performed 44 arterialized venous free flaps having 2 parallel veins for the reconstruction of digital soft tissue defects. The mean area of coverage was 6.5 cm(2). The donor sites included the volar aspect of the distal forearm in 35 cases, the thenar area in 8 cases, and the dorsal aspect of the foot in 1 case. Thirty-nine of the 44 flaps survived. Complete flap necrosis occurred in 5 cases, and flap congestion was seen in 28 cases. The authors had satisfactory results using arterialized venous free flaps having 2 parallel veins. By using these flaps, the authors were able to simplify the technique of arterialized venous flaps. Therapeutic IV.
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              Long-term results of replantation for complete ring avulsion amputations.

              Ring avulsion injuries have long presented complex management problems. Despite microsurgical advances, it is difficult to achieve good functional results in complete degloving injuries or amputations, and their management remains somewhat controversial. Ten patients with class IV injuries according to Kay's classification were treated from 1986 to 2000. In this study the authors subdivided class IV injuries into those with amputation distal to the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon (class IVd, 5 cases); those with amputation proximal to the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon (class IVp, 3 cases); and complete degloving injuries leaving the tendons intact (class IVi, 2 cases). Replantation was done in class IVi and class IVd injuries, and 6 cases were revascularized successfully. In all these patients range of motion was complete at the metacarpal and proximal interphalangeal joints, but reestablishing sensibility was more difficult. Patients with class IVp injuries were treated by surgical amputation of the digit. Modifications of Kay's classification system based on anatomic injury is more predictive of functional outcome for completely amputated ring avulsion injuries. The authors conclude that complete ring avulsion amputations are salvageable, with acceptable functional results in select patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Indian J Plast Surg
                Indian J Plast Surg
                IJPS
                Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                0970-0358
                1998-376X
                Sep-Dec 2014
                : 47
                : 3
                : 444-446
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Plastic Surgery, J W Global Hospital and Research Centre, Mount Abu, Rajasthan, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. A. Gopalakrishna, J W Global Hospital and Research Centre, Delwara Road, Mount Abu - 307 501, Rajasthan, India. E-mail: agkga@ 123456rediffmail.com
                Article
                IJPS-47-444
                10.4103/0970-0358.146656
                4292130
                a93c6996-9158-4beb-999f-0adf0b011221
                Copyright: © Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Case Report

                Surgery
                double cross finger flap,long-term follow-up,ring avulsion,sandwich technique
                Surgery
                double cross finger flap, long-term follow-up, ring avulsion, sandwich technique

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