Maritza Cárdenas-Calle:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-9137
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole:
ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review
& editing
Leandro Patiño: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Beatriz Pernia: Role: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole:
Writing – review & editing
Roberto Erazo: Role: Formal analysisRole: Resources
Carlos Muñoz: Role: Resources
Magaly Valencia-Avellan:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0162-0212
Role: Writing – review & editing
Mariana Lozada: Role: Formal analysisRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing –
review & editing
Mary Regato-Arrata: Role: Formal analysis
Miguel Barrera: Role: Formal analysisRole: Methodology
Segundo Aquino: Role: Investigation
Stefania Fuentes: Role: Investigation
Javier Duque: Role: Formal analysis
Luis Velázquez-Araque:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7890-012X
Role: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Bertha Carpio: Role: Funding acquisitionRole: Resources
Carlos Méndez-Roman: Role: Investigation
Carlos Calle: Role: Writing – original draft
Guillermo Cárdenas: Role: Writing – original draft
David Guizado-Herrera:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5948-9889
Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing
– review & editing
Clara Lucía Tello: Role: Formal analysis
Verónica Bravo-Basantes: Role: Formal analysis
Jhannelle Francis: Role: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Miguel Uyaguari:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-5111
Role: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
António Machado: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLOS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
6
May
2024
Publication date Collection: 2024
Volume: 19
Issue: 5
Electronic Location Identifier: e0302000
Affiliations
[1
]
Interinstitutional Network for the Study of Aquatic Ecosystems of Ecuador, Guayaquil,
Guayas, Ecuador
[2
]
Ambiente Sociedad & Empresa Research Group, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas,
Ecuador
[3
]
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
[4
]
Fundación Bioelit, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
[5
]
National Institute for Public Health Research–INSPI- Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez,
Technical Direction of Research, Development and Innovation, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
[6
]
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Guayaquil,
Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
[7
]
Labcestta, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
[8
]
Facultad del Mar y Medio Ambiente, Universidad del Pacífico, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
[9
]
Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Biology of Marine Organisms, CONICET,
Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
[10
]
National Institute for Public Health Research–INSPI- Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez,
National Reference Center for Exanthematous, Gastroenteric and Vector-borne Viruses,
Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
[11
]
Dirección del Medio Ambiente, Gobierno Provincial de Santa Elena, Santa Elena, Ecuador
[12
]
Área Nacional de Recreación Playas Villamil, Ministerio de Ambiente Agua y Transición
Ecológica, Playas, Ecuador
[13
]
Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Universidad San Francisco de Quito, ECUADOR
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-23-43313
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302000
PMC ID: 11073733
PubMed ID: 38709720
SO-VID: a9224933-c166-4302-bed6-eadcf3955bf9
Copyright © © 2024 Cárdenas-Calle et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011099, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit;
Award ID: $ 8,300.00
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-9137
Maritza Cárdenas-Calle
Funded by:
Prefecture of Santa Elena
Award ID: $ 5,500.00
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-9137
Maritza Cárdenas-Calle
The research outlined in this manuscript benefited from funding received by author
MC. Specifically, the study received support from La Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale
Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) under grant number $8,300 (
https://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/28451.html). Additionally, the project received funding from the Prefecture of Santa Elena,
under grant number $5,500 (
https://www.santaelena.gob.ec/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision
to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Chemistry
Subject:
Chemical Reactions
Subject:
Oxidation
Subject:
Earth Sciences
Subject:
Marine and Aquatic Sciences
Subject:
Bodies of Water
Subject:
Lagoons
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical microbiology
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Pathology and laboratory medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Earth Sciences
Subject:
Geomorphology
Subject:
Topography
Subject:
Landforms
Subject:
Beaches
Subject:
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Subject:
Pollution
Subject:
Water Pollution
Subject:
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Subject:
Water Quality
Subject:
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Subject:
Aquatic Environments
Subject:
Marine Environments
Subject:
Sea Water
Subject:
Earth Sciences
Subject:
Marine and Aquatic Sciences
Subject:
Aquatic Environments
Subject:
Marine Environments
Subject:
Sea Water
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Animal Studies
Subject:
Experimental Organism Systems
Subject:
Model Organisms
Subject:
Escherichia Coli
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Model Organisms
Subject:
Escherichia Coli
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Bacterial Pathogens
Subject:
Escherichia Coli
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Bacterial Pathogens
Subject:
Escherichia Coli
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Bacteria
Subject:
Enterobacteriaceae
Subject:
Escherichia
Subject:
Escherichia Coli
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Bacteria
Subject:
Gut Bacteria
Subject:
Escherichia
Subject:
Escherichia Coli
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Animal Studies
Subject:
Experimental Organism Systems
Subject:
Prokaryotic Models
Subject:
Escherichia Coli
