Made-to-order metal-organic frameworks for trace carbon dioxide removal and air capture

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Abstract

Direct air capture is regarded as a plausible alternate approach that, if economically practical, can mitigate the increasing carbon dioxide emissions associated with two of the main carbon polluting sources, namely stationary power plants and transportation. Here we show that metal-organic framework crystal chemistry permits the construction of an isostructural metal-organic framework ( SIFSIX-3-Cu) based on pyrazine/copper(II) two-dimensional periodic 4 ⁴ square grids pillared by silicon hexafluoride anions and thus allows further contraction of the pore system to 3.5 versus 3.84 Å for the parent zinc(II) derivative. This enhances the adsorption energetics and subsequently displays carbon dioxide uptake and selectivity at very low partial pressures relevant to air capture and trace carbon dioxide removal. The resultant SIFSIX-3-Cu exhibits uniformly distributed adsorption energetics and offers enhanced carbon dioxide physical adsorption properties, uptake and selectivity in highly diluted gas streams, a performance, to the best of our knowledge, unachievable with other classes of porous materials.

Abstract

The capture and removal of low-concentration carbon dioxide from air is appealing. Here, the authors report a metal-organic framework with a precisely tuned network of pores and optimal charge density, which is capable of carbon dioxide uptake at very low partial pressures relevant to direct air capture.

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Most cited references 7

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Dramatic tuning of carbon dioxide uptake via metal substitution in a coordination polymer with cylindrical pores.

Stephen R Caskey, Antek G Wong-Foy, Adam J Matzger (2008)

A series of four isostructural microporous coordination polymers (MCPs) differing in metal composition is demonstrated to exhibit exceptional uptake of CO2 at low pressures and ambient temperature. These conditions are particularly relevant for capture of flue gas from coal-fired power plants. A magnesium-based material is presented that is the highest surface area magnesium MCP yet reported and displays ultrahigh affinity based on heat of adsorption for CO2. This study demonstrates that physisorptive materials can achieve affinities and capacities competitive with amine sorbents while greatly reducing the energy cost associated with regeneration.

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Capture of carbon dioxide from air and flue gas in the alkylamine-appended metal-organic framework mmen-Mg2(dobpdc).

Thomas McDonald, Woo Lee, Jarad A Mason … (2012)

Two new metal-organic frameworks, M(2)(dobpdc) (M = Zn (1), Mg (2); dobpdc(4-) = 4,4'-dioxido-3,3'-biphenyldicarboxylate), adopting an expanded MOF-74 structure type, were synthesized via solvothermal and microwave methods. Coordinatively unsaturated Mg(2+) cations lining the 18.4-Å-diameter channels of 2 were functionalized with N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (mmen) to afford Mg(2)(dobpdc)(mmen)(1.6)(H(2)O)(0.4) (mmen-Mg(2)(dobpdc)). This compound displays an exceptional capacity for CO(2) adsorption at low pressures, taking up 2.0 mmol/g (8.1 wt %) at 0.39 mbar and 25 °C, conditions relevant to removal of CO(2) from air, and 3.14 mmol/g (12.1 wt %) at 0.15 bar and 40 °C, conditions relevant to CO(2) capture from flue gas. Dynamic gas adsorption/desorption cycling experiments demonstrate that mmen-Mg(2)(dobpdc) can be regenerated upon repeated exposures to simulated air and flue gas mixtures, with cycling capacities of 1.05 mmol/g (4.4 wt %) after 1 h of exposure to flowing 390 ppm CO(2) in simulated air at 25 °C and 2.52 mmol/g (9.9 wt %) after 15 min of exposure to flowing 15% CO(2) in N(2) at 40 °C. The purity of the CO(2) removed from dry air and flue gas in these processes was estimated to be 96% and 98%, respectively. As a flue gas adsorbent, the regeneration energy was estimated through differential scanning calorimetry experiments to be 2.34 MJ/kg CO(2) adsorbed. Overall, the performance characteristics of mmen-Mg(2)(dobpdc) indicate it to be an exceptional new adsorbent for CO(2) capture, comparing favorably with both amine-grafted silicas and aqueous amine solutions.

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Tunable rare-earth fcu-MOFs: a platform for systematic enhancement of CO2 adsorption energetics and uptake.

Dong-Xu Xue, Amy J Cairns, Youssef Belmabkhout … (2013)

A series of fcu-MOFs based on rare-earth (RE) metals and linear fluorinated/nonfluorinated, homo/heterofunctional ligands were targeted and synthesized. This particular fcu-MOF platform was selected because of its unique structural characteristics combined with the ability/potential to dictate and regulate its chemical properties (e.g., tuning of the electron-rich RE metal ions and high localized charge density, a property arising from the proximal positioning of polarizing tetrazolate moieties and fluoro-groups that decorate the exposed inner surfaces of the confined conical cavities). These features permitted a systematic gas sorption study to evaluate/elucidate the effects of distinctive parameters on CO2-MOF sorption energetics. Our study supports the importance of the synergistic effect of exposed open metal sites and proximal highly localized charge density toward materials with enhanced CO2 sorption energetics.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nat Commun

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nat Commun

Title: Nature Communications

Publisher: Nature Pub. Group

ISSN (Electronic): 2041-1723

Publication date (Electronic): 25 June 2014

Volume: 5

Electronic Location Identifier: 4228

Affiliations

[1 ]Functional Materials Design, Discovery and development (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM); Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

[2 ]These authors contributed equally to this work

Author notes

[a ] mohamed.eddaoudi@ 123456kaust.edu.sa

Article

Publisher Item ID: ncomms5228

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5228

PMC ID: 4083436

PubMed ID: 24964404

SO-VID: a8ddbdec-29dc-4b70-af32-4f57e62e19e1

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

History

Date received : 09 November 2013

Date accepted : 28 May 2014

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