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      Occurrence, biology, natural enemies and management of Tuta absoluta in Africa

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          Abstract

          The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a devastating invasive pest of tomato crops in several areas around the world including Africa. Here, we comprehensively review and discuss the relevant scientific knowledge on its occurrence, biological and ecological aspects, fortuitous insect natural enemies, and potential advantages and constraints of pest management scenarios adopted against this pest in tomato crops in both Northern and Sub-Saharan Africa. We conclude the manuscript with a comprehensive research agenda providing future priorities towards sustainable control of this important tomato pest.

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          Most cited references131

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          Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100.

          Scenarios of changes in biodiversity for the year 2100 can now be developed based on scenarios of changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, climate, vegetation, and land use and the known sensitivity of biodiversity to these changes. This study identified a ranking of the importance of drivers of change, a ranking of the biomes with respect to expected changes, and the major sources of uncertainties. For terrestrial ecosystems, land-use change probably will have the largest effect, followed by climate change, nitrogen deposition, biotic exchange, and elevated carbon dioxide concentration. For freshwater ecosystems, biotic exchange is much more important. Mediterranean climate and grassland ecosystems likely will experience the greatest proportional change in biodiversity because of the substantial influence of all drivers of biodiversity change. Northern temperate ecosystems are estimated to experience the least biodiversity change because major land-use change has already occurred. Plausible changes in biodiversity in other biomes depend on interactions among the causes of biodiversity change. These interactions represent one of the largest uncertainties in projections of future biodiversity change.
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            Environmental and Economic Costs of Nonindigenous Species in the United States

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              The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods.

              Traditionally, measurement of the acute toxicity of pesticides to beneficial arthropods has relied largely on the determination of an acute median lethal dose or concentration. However, the estimated lethal dose during acute toxicity tests may only be a partial measure of the deleterious effects. In addition to direct mortality induced by pesticides, their sublethal effects on arthropod physiology and behavior must be considered for a complete analysis of their impact. An increasing number of studies and methods related to the identification and characterization of these effects have been published in the past 15 years. Review of sublethal effects reported in published literature, taking into account recent data, has revealed new insights into the sublethal effects of pesticides including effects on learning performance, behavior, and neurophysiology. We characterize the different types of sublethal effects on beneficial arthropods, focusing mainly on honey bees and natural enemies, and we describe the methods used in these studies. Finally, we discuss the potential for developing experimental approaches that take into account these sublethal effects in integrated pest management and the possibility of integrating their evaluation in pesticide registration procedures.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                entomologia
                Entomologia Generalis
                Journal of General and Applied Entomology - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie
                entomologia
                Schweizerbart Science Publishers (Stuttgart, Germany http://www.schweizerbart.com/ mail@ 123456schweizerbart.de )
                0171-8177
                19 December 2018
                : 38
                : 2
                : 83-112
                Affiliations
                1 Université de Carthage, Institut Supérieur des Études Préparatoires en Biologie-Géologie (ISEP-BG), Section des Sciences Biologiques, 2036 La Soukra, Tunis, Tunisia 2 University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, 95123 Catania, Italy 3 CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Centre commun ISRA-IRD, Dakar, Senegal 4 CIRAD, UPR HortSys, Centre commun ISRA-IRD, Dakar, Senegal 5 Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France 6 Université de Carthage, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Laboratoire d’Entomologie-Acarologie, 1082 Cité Mahrajène, Tunis, Tunisia 7 Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil 8 International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya 9 Agricultural Research Council (ARC) – Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa 10 National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), PMB 5432, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria 11 International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 08 BP 0932 -Trip Postal Cotonou, Benin 12 CABI, 2800 Delémont, Switzerland 13 INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France # These authors contributed equally
                Author notes

                * Corresponding author: antonio.biondi@ 123456unict.it

                Article
                90159 0749
                10.1127/entomologia/2018/0749
                a8d43aa6-0a11-4b2e-8e09-5259b2a672c7
                Copyright © 2018 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany
                History
                : 30 July 2018
                : 01 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, Pages: 30
                Custom metadata
                1
                research_paper

                Entomology,Parasitology,Ecology,Molecular biology,Pests, Diseases & Weeds
                classical biological control,conservative biological control,South American tomato pinworm,Integrated Pest Management,invasive pest,augmentative biological control,Gelechiidae

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