Effects of MK-7 Supplementation on Glycemic Status, Anthropometric Indices and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent disorder which accounts for 90–95% of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of menaquinone (MK-7) supplementation on glycemic indices, anthropometric indices and lipid profile, among patients with T2DM.

Methods

In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 60 men and women with T2DM were allocated equally into either the MK-7 (200 µg/day) or the placebo group. Physical activity level and dietary intake were assessed using the international physical activity questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-SF) and a 3-day food record, pre- and post-intervention. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, glycemic indices and lipid profile including fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HBA1C), fasting insulin (FI), homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were measured at baseline and after twelve weeks.

Results

Forty-five patients completed the trial. There were no significant between-group differences for calorie intake, macronutrient intake, physical activity level or anthropometric measures at baseline and at the end of the study. Dietary vitamin K intake increased significantly at the end of the study in the MK-7 ( p: 0.02) and placebo ( p: 0.001) groups, but intergroup differences were not significant ( p: 0.86). FBS ( p: 0.01), HbA1c (p: 0.002), fasting insulin ( p: 0.01) and HOMA-IR ( p: 0.007) decreased significantly in the MK-7 group. Furthermore, after adjustment for the baseline values and changes of vitamin K intake at the end of study, FBS and HbA1C showed significant intergroup changes, and they were significantly lower in the MK-7 group compared to the placebo group. Lipid profile (TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C) did not change significantly within or between groups.

Conclusion

MK-7 supplementation seems to be effective in the improvement of glycemic indices, but not the lipid profile of patients with T2DM.

Clinical Trial Registration

The present study was prospectively registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on May 2019 (ID: IRCT20100123003140N22).