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      Fabrication of nanotweezers and their remote actuation by magnetic fields

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          Abstract

          A new kind of nanodevice that acts like tweezers through remote actuation by an external magnetic field is designed. Such device is meant to mechanically grab micrometric objects. The nanotweezers are built by using a top-down approach and are made of two parallelepipedic microelements, at least one of them being magnetic, bound by a flexible nanohinge. The presence of an external magnetic field induces a torque on the magnetic elements that competes with the elastic torque provided by the nanohinge. A model is established in order to evaluate the values of the balanced torques as a function of the tweezers opening angles. The results of the calculations are confronted to the expected values and validate the overall working principle of the magnetic nanotweezers.

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          Exchange bias

          J Nogués, Ivan Schuller (1999)
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            Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): development, surface modification and applications in chemotherapy.

            Morteza Mahmoudi, Shilpa Sant, Ben Wang … (2011)
            At present, nanoparticles are used for various biomedical applications where they facilitate laboratory diagnostics and therapeutics. More specifically for drug delivery purposes, the use of nanoparticles is attracting increasing attention due to their unique capabilities and their negligible side effects not only in cancer therapy but also in the treatment of other ailments. Among all types of nanoparticles, biocompatible superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with proper surface architecture and conjugated targeting ligands/proteins have attracted a great deal of attention for drug delivery applications. This review covers recent advances in the development of SPIONs together with their possibilities and limitations from fabrication to application in drug delivery. In addition, the state-of-the-art synthetic routes and surface modification of desired SPIONs for drug delivery purposes are described. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              Biomedical Nanomagnetics: A Spin Through Possibilities in Imaging, Diagnostics, and Therapy.

              Ramesh K M Krishnan (2010)
              Biomedical nanomagnetics is a multidisciplinary area of research in science, engineering and medicine with broad applications in imaging, diagnostics and therapy. Recent developments offer exciting possibilities in personalized medicine provided a truly integrated approach, combining chemistry, materials science, physics, engineering, biology and medicine, is implemented. Emphasizing this perspective, here we address important issues for the rapid development of the field, i.e., magnetic behavior at the nanoscale with emphasis on the relaxation dynamics, synthesis and surface functionalization of nanoparticles and core-shell structures, biocompatibility and toxicity studies, biological constraints and opportunities, and in vivo and in vitro applications. Specifically, we discuss targeted drug delivery and triggered release, novel contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, cancer therapy using magnetic fluid hyperthermia, in vitro diagnostics and the emerging magnetic particle imaging technique, that is quantitative and sensitive enough to compete with established imaging methods. In addition, the physics of self-assembly, which is fundamental to both biology and the future development of nanoscience, is illustrated with magnetic nanoparticles. It is shown that various competing energies associated with self-assembly converge on the nanometer length scale and different assemblies can be tailored by varying particle size and size distribution. Throughout this paper, while we discuss our recent research in the broad context of the multidisciplinary literature, we hope to bridge the gap between related work in physics/chemistry/engineering and biology/medicine and, at the same time, present the essential concepts in the individual disciplines. This approach is essential as biomedical nanomagnetics moves into the next phase of innovative translational research with emphasis on development of quantitative in vivo imaging, targeted and triggered drug release, and image guided therapy including validation of delivery and therapy response.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Bernard Dieny: bernard.dieny@cea.fr
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 March 2017
                Publication date PMC-release: 27 March 2017
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Volume: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: 451
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SX, F-38000 Grenoble, France
                [2 ]CEA, INAC-SX, F-38000 Grenoble, France
                [3 ]CNRS, SX, F-38000 Grenoble, France
                [4 ]CNRS, SYMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
                [5 ]GRID grid.457330.6, , CEA, LETI, Minatec Campus, ; F-38000 Grenoble, France
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8173-4414
                Article
                Publisher ID: 537
                DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00537-6
                PMC ID: 5428679
                PubMed ID: 28348407
                SO-VID: a832ee83-a6ff-4019-98ee-bd468d894581
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2017
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Date received : 21 November 2016
                Date accepted : 28 February 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Article
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                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2017

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