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      Wildlife microbiomes and the city: A systematic review of urban impacts on wildlife microbiomes

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          Abstract

          This systematic review aims to investigate how urban living influences the microbiome of wildlife. We included all studies that compared the bacterial communities of non-human vertebrate wildlife living inside vs outside cities, and/or across an urbanisation gradient. We found that the effect of urban-living on bacterial diversity and community composition was not unidirectional: some studies found a positive association, others found a negative association, and some found no relationship. The definition of ‘urban’ was not specified in more than half of the studies, and when included was not consistent across studies; paired with limited site replication in many studies, these features could have obscured the impacts of urban living. Most studies also focused on urban-adapted wildlife species. Future studies that include clear definitions for ‘urban’ environments and good replication of land uses within contrasting environments would help clarify the impact of urban living on wildlife microbiomes and wildlife health.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Microbiota and Host
          Bioscientifica
          2753-6955
          2753-6955
          June 2024
          June 2024
          Affiliations
          [1 ]H Nguyen, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
          [2 ]P Jones, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
          [3 ]D Kendal, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
          [4 ]S Powell, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
          [5 ]E Flies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
          Article
          10.1530/MAH-24-0003
          a81e95e1-dc92-454c-bb2b-1664f372fdfb
          © 2024

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          http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_GB

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