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      Agrotóxicos e seus impactos na saúde humana e ambiental: uma revisão sistemática Translated title: Agrochemicals and their impacts on human and environmental health: a systematic review

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Atualmente, o Brasil é o maior consumidor de agrotóxicos do mundo. Diversos estudos comprovam os malefícios para a saúde humana e ambiental da exposição aos agrotóxicos. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática no período de 2011 a 2017 acerca desse tema em bases de dados científicos. Foram incluídos 116 estudos que demonstraram o impacto negativo para a saúde humana e ambiental. É essencial a realização de estudos sobre os efeitos da exposição crônica e simultânea a diversos agrotóxicos, além de estudos sobre os nexos de determinação estrutural do uso dos venenos e suas consequências.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Currently, Brazil is the largest consumer of agrochemicals in the world. Several studies have proved the harm to human and environment health due to exposure to agrochemicals. A systematic review was carried out over the period 2011 to 2017 about this theme on scientific databases. A total of 116 studies were included that demonstrated the negative impact on human and environment health. It is essential to carry out studies on the effects of chronic and simultaneous exposure to various agrochemicals, in addition to studies on the links of structural determination of the use of poisons and their consequences.

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          Undesirable Consequences of Insecticide Resistance following Aedes aegypti Control Activities Due to a Dengue Outbreak

          Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas, Fernando Campos Avendanho, Rosangela Santos … (2014)
          Background During a dengue outbreak with co-circulation of DENV-1 and -2 in the city of Boa Vista, one patient was diagnosed with DENV-4, a serotype supposed absent from Brazil for almost 30 years. The re-emergence of DENV-4 triggered the intensification of mechanical and chemical Aedes aegypti control activities in order to reduce vector density and avoid DENV-4 dissemination throughout the country. Methods/Principal Findings Vector control activities consisted of (a) source reduction, (b) application of diflubenzuron against larvae and (c) vehicle-mounted space spraying of 2% deltamethrin to eliminate adults. Control activity efficacy was monitored by comparing the infestation levels and the number of eggs collected in ovitraps before and after interventions, performed in 22 Boa Vista districts, covering an area of ∼80% of the city and encompassing 56,837 dwellings. A total of 94,325 containers were eliminated or treated with diflubenzuron. The most frequently positive containers were small miscellaneous receptacles, which corresponded to 59% of all positive breeding sites. Insecticide resistance to deltamethrin was assessed before, during and after interventions by dose-response bioassays adopting WHO-based protocols. The intense use of the pyrethroid increased fourfold the resistance ratio of the local Ae. aegypti population only six months after the beginning of vector control. Curiously, this trend was also observed in the districts in which no deltamethrin was applied by the public health services. On the other hand, changes in the resistance ratio to the organophosphate temephos seemed less influenced by insecticide in Boa Vista. Conclusions Despite the intense effort, mosquito infestation levels were only slightly reduced. Besides, the median number of eggs in ovitraps remained unaltered after control activity intensification. The great and rapid increase in pyrethroid resistance levels of natural Ae. aegypti populations is discussed in the context of both public and domestic intensification of chemical control due to a dengue outbreak.
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            Resistance Status to the Insecticides Temephos, Deltamethrin, and Diflubenzuron in Brazilian Aedes aegypti Populations

            Diogo Fernandes Bellinato, Priscila Fernandes Viana-Medeiros, Simone Costa Araujo … (2016)
            Insecticides are still largely applied in public health to control disease vectors. In Brazil, organophosphates (OP) and pyrethroids (PY) are used against Aedes aegypti for years. Since 2009 Insect Growth Regulators (IGR) are also employed in the control of larvae. We quantified resistance to temephos (OP), deltamethrin (PY), and diflubenzuron (IGR) of A. aegypti samples from 12 municipalities distributed throughout the country, collected between 2010 and 2012. High levels of resistance to neurotoxic insecticides were detected in almost all populations: RR95 to temephos varied between 4.0 and 27.1; the lowest RR95 to deltamethrin was 13.1, and values higher than 70.0 were found. In contrast, all samples were susceptible to diflubenzuron (RR95 < 2.3). Biochemical tests performed with larvae and adults discarded the participation of acetylcholinesterase, the OP target, and confirmed involvement of the detoxifying enzymes esterases, mixed function oxidases, and glutathione-S-transferases. The results obtained were discussed taking into account the public chemical control component and the increase in the domestic use of insecticides during dengue epidemic seasons in the evaluated municipalities.
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              Occupational exposure to pesticides, nicotine and minor psychiatric disorders among tobacco farmers in southern Brazil.

              Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa, Rodrigo Dalke Meucci, Nadia Spada Fiori … (2014)
              Exposure to pesticides has been associated with psychiatric problems among farm workers, although there is still controversy as to chemical types, intensity and forms of exposure that represent risk factors for neuropsychological problems. Furthermore, tobacco workers are exposed to dermal absorption of nicotine, although its effect on mental health has not yet been studied.
              Article 0 comments Cited 30 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Carla Vanessa Alves Lopes: Role: ND
                Guilherme Souza Cavalcanti de Albuquerque: Role: ND
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): sdeb
                Title: Saúde em Debate
                Abbreviated Title: Saúde debate
                Publisher: Centro Brasileiro de Estudos de Saúde (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                ISSN (Print): 0103-1104
                ISSN (Electronic): 2358-2898
                Publication date (Print and electronic): June 2018
                Volume: 42
                Issue: 117
                Pages: 518-534
                Affiliations
                [2] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva orgdiv2Observatório do Uso de Agrotóxicos e Consequências para a Saúde Humana e Ambiental no Paraná Brazil guilherme.albuquerque.ufpr@ 123456gmail.com
                [1] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva orgdiv2Observatório do Uso de Agrotóxicos e Consequências para a Saúde Humana e Ambiental no Paraná Brazil carla.valopes.ufpr@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0103-11042018000200518
                DOI: 10.1590/0103-1104201811714
                SO-VID: a7b04ded-35d7-4015-b06e-121d16094c13
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date accepted : 20 February 2018
                Date received : 15 August 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 121, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Keywords: Agrochemicals,Public health,Food and nutrition security,Praguicidas,Agroquímicos,Saúde pública,Segurança alimentar e nutricional,Pesticides
                Data availability:
                Keywords: Agrochemicals, Public health, Food and nutrition security, Praguicidas, Agroquímicos, Saúde pública, Segurança alimentar e nutricional, Pesticides

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