Predicting needlestick and sharps injuries in nursing students: Development of the SNNIP scale

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Abstract

Aim

To develop an instrument to investigate knowledge and predictive factors of needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) in nursing students during clinical placements.

Design

Instrument development and cross‐sectional study for psychometric testing.

Methods

A self‐administered instrument including demographic data, injury epidemiology and predictive factors of NSIs was developed between October 2018–January 2019. Content validity was assessed by a panel of experts. The instrument's factor structure and discriminant validity were explored using principal components analysis. The STROBE guidelines were followed.

Results

Evidence of content validity was found (S‐CVI 0.75; I‐CVI 0.50–1.00). A three‐factor structure was shown by exploratory factor analysis. Of the 238 participants, 39% had been injured at least once, of which 67.3% in the second year. Higher perceptions of “personal exposure” (4.06, SD 3.78) were reported by third‐year students. Higher scores for “perceived benefits” of preventive behaviours (13.6, SD 1.46) were reported by second‐year students.

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Most cited references 31

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Clinical, economic, and humanistic burden of needlestick injuries in healthcare workers

Catherine Cooke, Jennifer Stephens (2017)

Introduction Needlestick injuries (NSIs) from a contaminated needle put healthcare workers (HCWs) at risk of becoming infected with a blood-borne virus and suffering serious short- and long-term medical consequences. Hypodermic injections using disposable syringes and needles are the most frequent cause of NSIs. Objective To perform a systematic literature review on NSI and active safety-engineered devices for hypodermic injection. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases were searched for studies that evaluated the clinical, economic, or humanistic outcomes of NSI or active safety-engineered devices. Results NSIs have been reported by 14.9%–69.4% of HCWs with the wide range due to differences in countries, settings, and methodologies used to determine rates. Exposure to contaminated sharps is responsible for 37%–39% of the worldwide cases of hepatitis B and C infections in HCWs. HCWs may experience serious emotional effects and mental health disorders after a NSI, resulting in work loss and post-traumatic stress disorder. In 2015 International US$ (IntUS$), the average cost of a NSI was IntUS$747 (range IntUS$199–1,691). Hypodermic injections, the most frequent cause of NSI, are responsible for 32%–36% of NSIs. The use of safety devices that cover the needle-tip after hypodermic injection lowers the risk of NSI per HCW by 43.4%–100% compared to conventional devices. The economic value of converting to safety injective devices shows net savings, favorable budget impact, and overall cost-effectiveness. Conclusion The clinical, economic, and humanistic burden is substantial for HCWs who experience a NSI. Safety-engineered devices for hypodermic injection demonstrate value by reducing NSI risk, and the associated direct and indirect costs, psychological stress on HCWs, and occupational blood-borne viral infection risk.

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Blood-borne viruses in health care workers: prevention and management.

E Delarocque-Astagneau, E Bouvet, D Abiteboul … (2011)

Three pathogens account for most cases of occupationally acquired blood-borne infection: hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The highest proportion of occupational transmission is due to percutaneous injury (PI) via hollow-bore needles with vascular access. We briefly review prevention and management of blood-borne pathogens in health care workers (HCWs) in developed countries. HCW compliance with standard precautions is necessary for prevention of PI. Safety-engineered devices are now being increasingly promoted as an approach to decreasing the rate of PI. Prevention of HBV transmission requires HCW immunization through vaccination against HBV. In non-vaccinated HCWs (or HCWs with an unknown antibody response to vaccination) exposed to an HbsAg-positive or an untested source patient, post-exposure prophylaxis with HBV vaccine, hepatitis B immunoglobulin or both must be started as soon as possible. Although no available prophylaxis exists for HCV, it is crucial to identify HCV exposure and infection in health care settings and to consequently propose early treatment when transmission occurs. Following occupational exposure with potential for HIV transmission, use of antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis must be evaluated. Patients need to be protected from blood-borne pathogen-infected HCWs, and especially surgeons performing exposure-prone procedures (EPPs) with risk of transmission to the patient. However, HCWs not performing EPPs should be protected from arbitrary administrative decisions that would restrict their practice rights. Finally, it must be emphasized that occupational blood exposure is of great concern in developing countries, with higher risk of exposure to blood-borne viruses because of a higher prevalence of the latter than in developed countries, re-use of needles and syringes and greater risk of sustaining PI, since injection routes are more frequently used for drug administration than in developed countries. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Sharps injuries amongst healthcare workers: review of incidence, transmissions and costs.

Monique M Elseviers, Marta Arias-Guillén, Alois Gorke … (2014)

Sharps injuries and the related risk of infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represent one of the major occupational health risks for healthcare workers (HCWs).

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Author and article information

Contributors

Milko Zanini:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1081-6279

milko.zanini@edu.unige.it

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nurs Open

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nurs Open

Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)2054-1058

Journal ID (publisher-id): NOP2

Title: Nursing Open

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )

ISSN (Electronic): 2054-1058

Publication date (Electronic): 28 June 2020

Publication date Collection: September 2020

Volume: 7

Issue: 5 ( doiID: 10.1002/nop2.v7.5 )

Pages: 1578-1587

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] Department of Health Sciences University of Genoa Genoa Italy

[ ² ] Faculty of Health and Social Care University of Hull Hull UK

[ ³ ] Occupational Medicine Unit Department of Health Sciences Policlinico San Martino Hospital University of Genoa Genoa Italy

[ ⁴ ] Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia" University of Catania Catania Italy

[ ⁵ ] Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma Parma Italy

[ ⁶ ] Department of Public Health and Pediatrics University of Turin Turin Italy

Author notes

[*] [* ] Correspondence

Milko Zanini, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Antonio Pastore, 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy.

Email: milko.zanini@ 123456edu.unige.it

Author information

Annamaria Bagnasco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-8460

Milko Zanini https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1081-6279

Gianluca Catania https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0862-071X

Roger Watson https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8040-7625

Mark Hayter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-8355

Article

Publisher ID: NOP2540

DOI: 10.1002/nop2.540

PMC ID: 7424443

PubMed ID: 32802379

SO-VID: a793167c-fbdc-43f3-a5e9-cb05eee45bf0

License:

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

History

Date received : 10 March 2020

Date accepted : 21 May 2020

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 4, Pages: 10, Words: 7597

Custom metadata

source-schema-version-number 2.0

cover-date September 2020

details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.8.6 mode:remove_FC converted:13.08.2020

Keywords: cross‐sectional,health belief model,knowledge,needlestick,nursing students,prevention,questionnaire,sharps injuries,validation

Data availability:

Keywords: cross‐sectional, health belief model, knowledge, needlestick, nursing students, prevention, questionnaire, sharps injuries, validation

Predicting needlestick and sharps injuries in nursing students: Development of the SNNIP scale

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25th European Students' Conference

Most cited references 31

Clinical, economic, and humanistic burden of needlestick injuries in healthcare workers

Blood-borne viruses in health care workers: prevention and management.

Sharps injuries amongst healthcare workers: review of incidence, transmissions and costs.

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